Abandonment of prescriptions in medically underserved areas: Primary medication non-adherence in community pharmacies in the delta region of the United States.

Background: In the U.S. alone, medication non-adherence is estimated to cause 1 in 10 hospitalizations, approximately 125,000 deaths annually, and cost the U.

Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis in Non-Caucasian Women.

Objective: To characterize presentation, disease course, and treatment of idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) in non-Caucasian women and compare this cohort to the predominantly female, Caucasian patient cohorts identified in the literature.

Study Design: Retrospective review. Results are compared to systematic review of demographics.

Free flap jaw reconstruction with dental implantation: A single-institution experience.

Background: We sought to review our institution's experience with dental implant placement in free flap jaw reconstruction to determine factors impacting restoration of dental occlusion.

Methods: Exactly 48 patients underwent free flap jaw reconstruction with or without dental restoration from 2017 to 2022. Primary outcome was achievement of restored dental occlusion after jaw free flap reconstruction.

Wound healing in the vulnerable: A novel case of postauricular wounds caused by mask ties.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has made facial masks an essential part of daily life. While protective facial masks are crucial to help the spread of viral infections, they are common causes of facial skin breakdown, acne, and superficial injuries. Masks with elastic ear loops are also particularly likely to cause ear pressure injuries.

Leave No Stone Unturned: A Case of an Actinomyces Rhinolith Presenting With Chronic Cough and Throat Pain.

Actinomycosis infection in the nasal cavity, especially an actinomyces rhinolith, is extremely rare. It should be considered in cases where a heterogenous calcified mass is found within the nasal cavity on endoscopy and radiographically. Treatment includes surgical debridement and a prolonged course of antibiotics, unique from the more typically encountered fungus ball.

Combination Treatment with Sipuleucel-T and Abiraterone Acetate or Enzalutamide for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: STAMP and STRIDE Trials.

Purpose: We present long-term outcomes from 2 randomized studies [STAMP (with abiraterone, NCT01487863) and STRIDE (with enzalutamide, NCT01981122)] that were performed to study the impact of sequential or concurrent administration of androgen receptor-targeting agents (ARTAs) on sipuleucel-T immune response and overall survival (OS) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Patients And Methods: Sipuleucel-T was administered per current prescribing information. Results from STRIDE are presented together with updated STAMP results.

Patients with hypothermic sepsis have a unique gene expression profile compared to patients with fever and sepsis.

The pathophysiology of hypothermia during sepsis is unclear. Using genomic profiling of blood leukocytes, we aimed to determine if hypothermia is associated with a different gene expression profile compared to fever during sepsis. Patients with sepsis and either hypothermia or fever within 24 hours after ICU admission were included in the study (n = 168).

Physical Frailty is Modifiable in Young Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients.

Frailty is a standardized, quantitative metric used to assess multisystem physiologic reserve and vulnerability to poor health outcomes. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) positively impacts patient outcomes, including frailty, in adult cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, both the frailty paradigm and CR are understudied in pediatric CVD. This retrospective, single-center cohort study aimed to determine baseline composite frailty for pediatric-onset CVD patients and examine its change throughout CR using a proposed frailty assessment tool.

Outcomes in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who received sipuleucel-T and no immediate subsequent therapy: experience at Dana Farber and in the PROCEED Registry.

Background: Sipuleucel-T has demonstrated survival benefit in phase 3 trials but is utilized in few men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in part due to low rates of PSA and objective response. Given the requirement to develop immune-mediated antitumor activity as vaccine-based therapy, sipuleucel-T may have delayed clinical activity. We explored this in a cohort of men from PROCEED (NCT01306890), an FDA-requested outcomes registry, and in a separate institutional cohort of mCRPC patients treated with sipuleucel-T at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI).

COVID-19 and the Otolaryngology Residency Match: Rising Incidence of Home Matches.

Objectives/hypothesis: To quantify the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic upon the 2020 to 2021 residency match for Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS).

Study Design: Retrospective cohort design.

Methods: Residency match outcomes for all applicants to our institution during 2020 to 2021 were collected from the National Residency Matching Program including medical school of origin and matched program.

Induced normothermia ameliorates the procoagulant host response in human endotoxaemia.

Background: Dysregulation of coagulation occurs commonly in sepsis, ranging from mild coagulopathy with decreased platelets to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). We investigated the effect of induced normothermia on coagulation during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxaemia in healthy volunteers.

Methods: Twelve volunteers received an infusion of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (Escherichia coli; 2 ng kg) and were assigned to either induced normothermia or control.

Correction: Growing a backbone - functional biomaterials and structures for intervertebral disc (IVD) repair and regeneration: challenges, innovations, and future directions.

Correction for 'Growing a backbone - functional biomaterials and structures for intervertebral disc (IVD) repair and regeneration: challenges, innovations, and future directions' by Matthew D. Harmon et al., Biomater.

The alliance formation puzzle in contests with capacity-constraints: A test using American football reception-coverage contest data.

We utilize a contest-theoretic model to demonstrate a version of the alliance formation puzzle that aligns with reception-coverage contests in American football. Namely, secondary defenders can opt for single-coverage-1 v 1 contest. Alternatively, they can choose to ally-form double-coverage or 2 v 1 contest with exogenous intra-alliance prize division-when defending a given receiver.

Survival of African-American and Caucasian men after sipuleucel-T immunotherapy: outcomes from the PROCEED registry.

Purpose: African Americans experience greater prostate cancer risk and mortality than do Caucasians. An analysis of pooled phase III data suggested differences in overall survival (OS) between African American and Caucasian men receiving sipuleucel-T. We explored this in PROCEED (NCT01306890), an FDA-requested registry in over 1900 patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with sipuleucel-T.

Microbiological profile of nosocomial infections following cardiac arrest: Insights from the targeted temperature management (TTM) trial.

Aims: Infectious complications frequently occur in intensive care unit patients admitted after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. There is debate on the effects of temperature management on the incidence of infections, as well as on the efficacy and choice of antibiotic prophylaxis. In this substudy of the targeted temperature management (TTM) trial, we describe the microbiological profile of infectious complications in patients with cardiac arrest and examined the impact of TTM at 33 °C compared to TTM at 36 °C.

Growing a backbone - functional biomaterials and structures for intervertebral disc (IVD) repair and regeneration: challenges, innovations, and future directions.

Back pain and associated maladies can account for an immense amount of healthcare cost and loss of productivity in the workplace. In particular, spine related injuries in the US affect upwards of 5.7 million people each year.

Opinions and Management of Hypothermic Sepsis: Results from an Online Survey.

Hypothermia is associated with high mortality in sepsis, but it is now recognized that this association may simply reflect its higher prevalence in sicker patients. Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that hypothermia may not represent a dysfunction in sepsis. In this study, we conducted a survey to assess how this scientific evidence relates to the perceptions of health care professionals regarding septic hypothermia, and how such perceptions drive clinical conduct concerning the use of active rewarming in this population.

Practice of mechanical ventilation in cardiac arrest patients and effects of targeted temperature management: A substudy of the targeted temperature management trial.

Aims: Mechanical ventilation practices in patients with cardiac arrest are not well described. Also, the effect of temperature on mechanical ventilation settings is not known. The aims of this study were 1) to describe practice of mechanical ventilation and its relation with outcome 2) to determine effects of different target temperatures strategies (33 °C versus 36 °C) on mechanical ventilation settings.

Induced hypothermia in patients with septic shock and respiratory failure (CASS): a randomised, controlled, open-label trial.

Background: Animal models of serious infection suggest that 24 h of induced hypothermia improves circulatory and respiratory function and reduces mortality. We tested the hypothesis that a reduction of core temperature to 32-34°C attenuates organ dysfunction and reduces mortality in ventilator-dependent patients with septic shock.

Methods: In this randomised, controlled, open-label trial, we recruited patients from ten intensive care units (ICUs) in three countries in Europe and North America.

Infectious complications after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest-A comparison between two target temperatures.

Background: It has been suggested that target temperature management (TTM) increases the probability of infectious complications after cardiac arrest. We aimed to compare the incidence of pneumonia, severe sepsis and septic shock after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in patients with two target temperatures and to describe changes in biomarkers and possible mortality associated with these infectious complications.

Methods: Post-hoc analysis of the TTM-trial which randomized patients resuscitated from OHCA to a target temperature of 33°C or 36°C.

Risk factors, host response and outcome of hypothermic sepsis.

Background: Hypothermia is associated with adverse outcome in patients with sepsis. The objective of this study was to characterize the host immune response in patients with hypothermic sepsis in order to determine if an excessive anti-inflammatory response could explain immunosuppression and adverse outcome. Markers of endothelial activation and integrity were also measured to explore potential alternative mechanisms of hypothermia.

Gelatin Nanofiber Matrices Derived from Schiff Base Derivative for Tissue Engineering Applications.

Electrospinning of water-soluble polymers and retaining their mechanical strength and bioactivity remain challenging. Volatile organic solvent soluble polymers and their derivatives are preferred for fabricating electrospun nanofibers. We report the synthesis and characterization of 2-nitrobenzyl-gelatin (N-Gelatin)--a novel gelatin Schiff base derivative--and the resulting electrospun nanofiber matrices.