Risk factors, demographics and clinical profile of keratitis in Melbourne: an 18-year retrospective study.

Purpose: To assess incidence, risk factors, presentation and final visual outcome of patients with keratitis (AK) treated at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital (RVEEH), Melbourne, Australia, over an 18-year period.

Methods: A retrospective review of all cases of AK managed at RVEEH between January 1998 and May 2016 was performed. Data collected included age, gender, affected eye, signs and symptoms, time between symptoms and diagnosis, risk factors, presenting and final visual acuity (VA), investigations, medical treatment, surgical interventions and length of follow-up.

The use and uptake of pupillometers in the Intensive Care Unit.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health issue. Assessing pupil reactivity is a crucial aspect of its management and the pupillometer has been shown to be a more objective tool compared to the standard penlight. Its use, however, is not widespread.

Intraocular lens exchange-removing the optic intact.

Current practice for intraocular lens (IOL) exchange is to cut the optic of the posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) prior to removing it. Great care must be taken during this maneuver to avoid a posterior capsular tear. Removing the haptics from the fibrosed capsule can also be hazardous, as it may result in zonular stress and dehiscence.

Vitamin A Deficiency Presenting with 'Itchy Eyes'.

We present the case of an 88-year-old female living in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia who developed vitamin A deficiency manifesting as 'itchy eyes' due to a bizarre dietary habit. Slit lamp examination revealed Bitot's spots and a subsequent vitamin A serum level test revealed severe deficiency. An electroretinogram showed grossly reduced a- and b-wave amplitudes consistent with generalised rod and cone dysfunction - these parameters showed marked improvement 5 months post supplementation.