COVID-19 impact on the renal system: Pathophysiology and clinical outcomes.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) causes many deleterious effects throughout the body. Prior studies show that the incidence of acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients could be as high as 25%. There are also autopsy reports showing evidence of viral tropism to the renal system.

Impact of COVID-19 infection on the cardiovascular system: An evidence-based analysis of risk factors and outcomes.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as COVID-19, emerged in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization declared the virus a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Disease progression from COVID-19 infection has shown significant symptom manifestations within organ systems beyond the respiratory system.

Truncal regional nerve blocks in clinical anesthesia practice.

Regional anesthetic techniques are important components of successful multimodal analgesic strategies. When used successfully, truncal nerve blocks of the chest wall, abdomen, and, paraneuraxial nerves, in combination with other analgesic modalities, may offer similar analgesic efficacy as neuraxial techniques, which are associated with a greater risk profile. Moreover, in comparison to neuraxial techniques, truncal nerve blocks are relatively simple to perform and technically straightforward to learn.

Fascia iliaca block, history, technique, and efficacy in clinical practice.

The facsia iliaca block (FIB) is a relatively new regional technique where local anesthetic is delivered within the fascia iliaca region. Indications for a FIB include surgical anesthesia to the lower extremity after knee, femoral shaft, hip surgery, management of cancer pain or pain secondary to inflammatory conditions of the lumbar plexus, as well as treatment of acute pain in the setting of trauma, fracture, or burns. The FIB may be performed using either a loss of resistance technique or an ultrasound (US)-guided technique; however, the use of US has become commonplace and resulted in improved femoral nerve and obturator nerve motor blocks.

Global invasion history of the agricultural pest butterfly revealed with genomics and citizen science.

The small cabbage white butterfly, , is a major agricultural pest of cruciferous crops and has been introduced to every continent except South America and Antarctica as a result of human activities. In an effort to reconstruct the near-global invasion history of , we developed a citizen science project, the "Pieris Project," and successfully amassed thousands of specimens from 32 countries worldwide. We then generated and analyzed nuclear (double-digest restriction site-associated DNA fragment procedure [ddRAD]) and mitochondrial DNA sequence data for these samples to reconstruct and compare different global invasion history scenarios.

Identification of Host Blood Meals of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Collected at the Aripo Savannas Scientific Reserve in Trinidad, West Indies.

Surveillance for blood-fed female mosquitoes was performed between August 2015 and February 2016 at sites along the periphery of the Aripo Savannas Environmentally Reserve (ASSR) located in northeastern Trinidad, West Indies. We collected engorged female mosquitoes representing 13 species. DNA extractions from dissected abdomens were subjected to PCR amplification with three primer pairs targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and cytochrome b gene sequences.

Preoperative patient preparation in enhanced recovery pathways.

Enhanced recovery pathways are a novel approach focused on enhancing the care of surgical patients. "Prehabilitation" is the term applied to any intervention administered before surgery to reduce surgery-related morbidity, decrease the length of hospital stay, expedite the return of organ function, and facilitate the patient's return to normal life. A PubMed search was performed with the following key words: enhanced recovery, preoperative preparation, cessation of smoking and euvolemia.

Regional Nerve Blocks-Best Practice Strategies for Reduction in Complications and Comprehensive Review.

Purpose Of Review: Understanding the etiologies of the complications associated with regional anesthesia and implementing methods to reduce their occurrence provides an opportunity to foster safer practices in the delivery of regional anesthesia.

Recent Findings: Neurologic injuries following peripheral nerve block (PNB) and neuraxial blocks are rare, with most being transient. However, long-lasting and devastating sequelae can occur with regional anesthesia.

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

Thoracic outlet syndrome, a group of diverse disorders, is a collection of symptoms in the shoulder and upper extremity area that results in pain, numbness, and tingling. Identification of thoracic outlet syndrome is complex and a thorough clinical examination in addition to appropriate clinical testing can aide in diagnosis. Practitioners must consider the pathology of thoracic outlet syndrome in their differential diagnosis for shoulder and upper extremity pain symptoms so that patients are directed appropriately to timely therapeutic interventions.

Responsible, Safe, and Effective Use of Antithrombotics and Anticoagulants in Patients Undergoing Interventional Techniques: American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP) Guidelines.

Background: Interventional pain management involves diagnosis and treatment of chronic pain. This specialty utilizes minimally invasive procedures to target therapeutics to the central nervous system and the spinal column. A subset of patients encountered in interventional pain are medicated using anticoagulant or antithrombotic drugs to mitigate thrombosis risk.

Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Laparoscopic Versus Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Minimally Invasive Colorectal Surgery.

Background: Transversus abdominis plane block may improve analgesia after colorectal surgery; however, techniques remain unstandardized and results are conflicting.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare laparoscopic and ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block with no block in minimally invasive colorectal surgery.

Design: This was a randomized controlled trial.

Adjunct medications for peripheral and neuraxial anesthesia.

Regional and neuraxial anesthesia can provide a safer perioperative experience, greater satisfaction, reduced opioid consumption, and reduction of pain, while minimizing side effects. Ultrasound technology has aided clinicians in depositing local anesthetic medication in precise proximity to targeted peripheral nerves. There are a plethora of adjuvants that have been utilized to prolong local anesthetic actions and enhance effects in peripheral nerve blocks.

A transcriptomic survey of the impact of environmental stress on response to dengue virus in the mosquito, Aedes aegypti.

Populations of Aedes aegypti naturally exhibit variable susceptibility to dengue viruses. This natural variation can be impacted by nutritional stress resulting from larval-stage crowding, indicating the influence of environment components on the adult mosquito immune response. In particular, larval crowding was previously shown to reduce the susceptibility of adult females of a Trinidad field isolate of A.

Multifaceted functional implications of an endogenously expressed tRNA fragment in the vector mosquito Aedes aegypti.

The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of human arboviral diseases caused by dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses. Many studies have shown the potential roles of small RNA molecules such as microRNA, small interfering RNA and PIWI-interacting RNA in vector mosquitoes. The function of tRNA fragments (tRF), the newly discovered class of small RNAs, in mosquitoes is not known.

Larval stress alters dengue virus susceptibility in Aedes aegypti (L.) adult females.

In addition to genetic history, environmental conditions during larval stages are critical to the development, success and phenotypic fate of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. In particular, previous studies have shown a strong genotype-by-environment component to adult mosquito body size in response to optimal vs stressed larval conditions. Here, we expand upon those results by investigating the effects of larval-stage crowding and nutritional limitation on the susceptibility of a recent field isolate of Aedes aegypti to dengue virus serotype-2.

Apoptosis-related genes control autophagy and influence DENV-2 infection in the mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti.

The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the primary urban vector for dengue virus (DENV) worldwide. Insight into interactions occurring between host and pathogen is important in understanding what factors contribute to vector competence. However, many of the molecular mechanisms for vector competence remain unknown.

Physical Characterisation as an Insight into a Gene Delivery System Containing Cyclodextrins with Pluronic®-F127 and Folic acid as Non-Viral Vectors.

Gene delivery into cells offers opportunities to treat various human genetic diseases. Effective gene delivery is dependent on its stability and ability to transfect across cells. DNA is susceptible to enzymatic degradation and its negatively charge are barriers towards successful transfection.

The relationship between patient risk factors and early versus late postoperative emetic symptoms.

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remain common complications after elective surgery. Prophylactic antiemetic drugs are frequently administered to patients with well known risk factors for developing PONV. We designed this prospective observational study to assess the relationship between common patient risk factors for developing PONV and the occurrence of early (0-24 h) versus late (24-72 h) emetic symptoms.

Fast-track anesthetic techniques for ambulatory surgery.

Purpose Of Review: Improving perioperative efficiency and throughput has become increasingly important in facilitating the fast-track recovery process following ambulatory surgery. This review focuses on the important role played by the anesthesiologist as a perioperative physician in fast-track ambulatory surgery.

Recent Findings: A literature review of more than 200 peer-reviewed publications was used to develop evidence-based recommendations for optimizing recovery following ambulatory anesthesia.

Effect of short-term postoperative celecoxib administration on patient outcome after outpatient laparoscopic surgery.

Purpose: Non-opioid analgesics are increasingly used as part of a multimodal regimen for pain management. This prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was designed to evaluate the effect of short-term postoperative administration of celecoxib on pain management and recovery outcomes following laparoscopic surgery.

Methods: Eighty consenting ASA I-III outpatients undergoing laparoscopic surgery were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: Control (placebo) or Celecoxib (celecoxib, 400 mg x day(-1)).