Management of Snakebites in the Upper Extremity.

Encounters with venomous snakes can lead to substantial morbidity or mortality if managed inappropriately. Medical management is the mainstay of treatment, but surgery may be necessary in rare cases. The hand surgeon should be well versed in the types of venomous snakes, the mechanism of action of venom, and the management of these injuries, given the frequency of hand envenomation.

Hyphenated history: the Sever-L'Episcopo procedure.

This article offers historical highlights regarding the 2 men from whom the Sever-L'Episcopo procedure takes its name. James W. Sever and Joseph B.

All-terrain vehicle and bicycle crashes in children: epidemiology and comparison of injury severity.

Background/purpose: Despite statements by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) against the use of all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) by children under the age of 16 years, nearly half of ATV-related injuries and over 35% of all ATV-related deaths continue to occur in this age group. Because ATV and bicycle crashes have been associated with serious injury in children, the authors compared the demographics, mechanism of injury, injury severity, and outcome of children with ATV- and bicycle-related injuries. Further, the authors sought to identify whether ATV-related injuries elicited changes in risk-taking behavior.