Rate of response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in patients with conjunctival melanoma.

Our primary objective was to estimate the overall response rate to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with locally advanced, multiply recurrent, or metastatic conjunctival melanoma treated with ICIs. A retrospective review of all consecutive conjunctival melanoma patients who were treated with ICI between October 2017 and January 2024 was carried out. The study included 16 patients with a median age of 66 years.

Complete Response to Immunotherapy Using Pembrolizumab in a Patient With Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Nodal Metastasis.

A 92-year-old woman presented with a large bulbar conjunctival mass in the OD. She also had a palpable parotid mass which on fine needle aspiration biopsy confirmed to be metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. The conjunctival mass was biopsied to confirm the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma with positive programmed cell death ligand 1 expression and a high tumor mutation burden.

Distinguishing Intrathyroid Parathyroid Adenoma from Colloid Nodules and Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas Using Multiphasic Multidetector Computed Tomography.

Objective: The aim of the study is to determine whether multiphase multidetector computed tomography (4D-MDCT) can differentiate between intrathyroid parathyroid adenomas (ITPAs), colloid nodules, and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Methods: We studied 22 ITPAs, 22 colloid nodules, and 11 PTCs in 55 patients. Hounsfield unit (HU) values of the nodules were measured on 4D-MDCT in the precontrast, arterial, venous, and delayed phases.

Multifocal recurrence of pleomorphic adenoma of the lacrimal gland.

Purpose: To report two cases of multifocal recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the lacrimal gland, and to highlight the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings.

Observations: The authors present two patients with recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the lacrimal gland. During their previous primary surgical resection at outside institutions, one patient reportedly had a macroscopically complete excision, while the second patient had violation of the pseudocapsule.

Primary Ewing's sarcoma with orbit involvement: Survival and visual outcomes after eye-sparing multidisciplinary management in eight patients.

Background: To describe the clinical presentation, treatment, and overall prognosis in eight patients with primary Ewing's sarcoma (ES) involving the orbit.

Methods: A retrospective interventional study of all biopsy-proven cases of primary ES involving the orbit was done.

Results: There were seven males and one female with a median age of 14 years.

Clinical and cytopathological features of suspected thyroglossal duct cysts and neoplasms arising from them: A large series from a referral cancer center.

Background: Thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDCs) are the most common congenital midline cystic lesions in the neck, and they are often evaluated by fine-needle aspiration. Recognizing the cytomorphologic features of TGDCs and their mimics is important for clinical management.

Methods: This study examined the clinical, radiological, and cytopathological features of 86 ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration (US-FNA) specimens from clinically suspected TGDCs or malignancies arising from TGDCs and correlated the findings with surgical follow-up and/or imaging studies.

Frequency and Clinical Course of Residual Orbital Masses After Treatment of Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the frequency and clinical course of residual orbital masses on imaging studies after multimodality treatment for orbital rhabdomyosarcoma.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: We reviewed records of patients with primary orbital rhabdomyosarcoma who underwent chemotherapy and radiotherapy after surgical biopsy or debulking at 4 US centers during 1998-2019.

Primary disease sites and patterns of spread in cases of neurolymphomatosis in the orbit associated with lymphoma.

Background: Neurolymphomatosis involving the cranial nerves (CNs) is rare. We sought a better understanding of the primary disease sites and patterns of spread in neurolymphomatosis of the orbit and retro-orbital cranial nerves.

Methods: Patients with lymphoma and MRI evidence of neurolymphomatosis of CN II, III, IV, V, or V were retrospectively reviewed.

A modular phantom and software to characterize 3D geometric distortion in MRI.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers outstanding soft tissue contrast that may reduce uncertainties in target and organ-at-risk delineation and enable online adaptive image-guided treatment. Spatial distortions resulting from non-linearities in the gradient fields and non-uniformity in the main magnetic field must be accounted for across the imaging field-of-view to prevent systematic errors during treatment delivery. This work presents a modular phantom and software application to characterize geometric distortion (GD) within the large field-of-view MRI images required for radiation therapy simulation.

Malignant Mixed Tumor (Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma) of the Lacrimal Gland.

Purpose: To review the clinical presentation, treatment, and prognosis of patients with malignant mixed tumor (carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma) of the lacrimal gland.

Methods: Clinical records and radiographic images were reviewed for patients with malignant mixed tumor of the lacrimal gland treated at the center during 2008-2019.

Results: The study included 9 patients (6 men, 3 women) aged 17-66 years (median age, 56 years).

Vascular flow on doppler sonography may not be a valid characteristic to distinguish colloid nodules from papillary thyroid carcinoma even when accounting for nodular size.

Background: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that there is no significant difference in vascular flow patterns between cytopathologically-proven colloid nodules and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) even when adjusting for nodule size.

Methods: Doppler vascular flow patterns in 200 colloid nodules and 166 nodules with PTC were retrospective reviewed independently by 2 neuroradiologists blinded to the cytopathological results. Absence of vascular flow, perinodular and/or intranodular flow, and diffuse vascular flow were recorded.

Radiographic retropharyngeal lymph node involvement in HPV-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma: Patterns of involvement and impact on patient outcomes.

Background: The objective of the current study was to characterize the incidence, pattern, and impact on oncologic outcomes of retropharyngeal lymph node (RPLN) involvement in HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer (OPC).

Methods: Data regarding patients with HPV-associated OPC who were treated at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center with intensity-modulated radiotherapy from 2004 through 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. RPLN status was determined by reviewing pretreatment imaging and/or reports.

A prospective in silico analysis of interdisciplinary and interobserver spatial variability in post-operative target delineation of high-risk oral cavity cancers: Does physician specialty matter?

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the interdisciplinary agreement in identifying the post-operative tumor bed.

Methods: Three radiation oncologists (ROs), four surgeons, and three radiologists segmented post-operative tumor and nodal beds for three patients with oral cavity cancer. Specialty cohort composite contours were created by STAPLE algorithm implementation results for interspecialty comparison.

Extraocular Muscle Enlargement and Thyroid Eye Disease-like Orbital Inflammation Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Cancer Patients.

Purpose: To describe thyroid eye disease (TED)-like orbital inflammatory syndrome in 3 cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Methods: All consecutive patients treated by the senior author who were receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors and developed TED-like orbital inflammation were included.

Results: Three cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors developed orbital inflammation.

Most common sites on MRI of intracranial neoplastic leptomeningeal disease.

Neoplastic leptomeningeal disease (LMD) represents infiltration of the leptomeninges by tumor cells. Knowledge of the frequencies of locations of LMD on MRI may assist in early detection, help elucidate the process of leptomeningeal spread of cancer and understand how LMD affects the central nervous system. Our goal was to identify intracranial sites of neoplastic LMD predilection on MRI in patients with cytologically-proven LMD.

Clinical Presentation and Anatomical Location of Orbital Plasmacytomas.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical and anatomical location of orbital plasmacytomas and assess local control following therapy.

Methods: The American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Oncology Database was queried to identify patients diagnosed with orbital plasmacytoma. These patients' records were reviewed for demographic characteristics, clinical and radiologic findings, treatments, and outcomes.

F-PET/CT imaging of metastasis to the thyroid gland: Imaging findings and effect on patient management.

Purpose: While metastasis to the thyroid from a primary cancer remote to the thyroid is uncommon, current imaging techniques have improved detection of these intrathyroid metastases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the F-PET/CT appearance of intrathyroid metastases and assess the impact of detection on patient management.

Methods: The F-PET/CT appearance of intrathyroid metastasis, including standardized uptake value (SUV), disease extent, and the effect on patient management following diagnosis were retrospectively reviewed.

Sonographic Evaluation of Intrathyroid Metastases.

Objectives: Intrathyroid metastases from extrathyroid primary tumors are rare. Clinical findings may be subtle, but detection of intrathyroid metastases has improved with sonography. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sonographic appearance of intrathyroid metastases.

Rates of Positive Findings on Positron Emission Tomography and Bone Marrow Biopsy in Patients With Ocular Adnexal Lymphoma.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine rates of positive findings on positron emission tomography (PET) and bone marrow biopsy performed during staging workup for ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL).

Methods: A retrospective review of OAL patients was conducted. Demographics, primary versus secondary OAL, histologic subtype, and findings on PET and bone marrow biopsy performed as part of the initial staging workup for OAL were recorded.

Association between F-FDG PET/CT and MRI appearance of spinal leptomeningeal disease before and after treatment at a tertiary referral center.

Objective: Leptomeningeal disease (LMD), the presence of metastasis in the subarachnoid space, has devastating implications if left untreated. The gold standard for LMD diagnosis is cytologic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); MRI is also used to evaluate suspected LMD. The purpose of this study was to compare the appearance of LMD in the spinal canal on F-FDG PET/CT imaging with the appearance of LMD on MRI and with CSF cytology.