The Effect of Intravenous Tranexamic Acid on Postoperative Ecchymoses after Upper Blepharoplasty.

Background: Tranexamic acid has been increasingly used in facial plastic surgery to improve perioperative hemostasis. While subcutaneous tranexamic acid has been found to not significantly decrease postoperative ecchymoses following upper blepharoplasty, systemic administration has not previously been studied.

Methods: A total of 325 patients undergoing upper blepharoplasty were randomly assigned to either receive intravenous tranexamic acid or serve as a control.

Utilization of Ophthalmic Management in Patients with Head-and-Neck Trauma Secondary to Firearms.

Introduction: This retrospective cohort study presents the epidemiology of severe firearm-related ophthalmic injury and the level of ophthalmology involvement in the multidisciplinary management of head-and-neck gunshot injuries.

Methods: A retrospective study identified 207 patients with firearm-related injuries involving the head and neck treated at an Academic Tertiary Care Institution from 2010 to 2020.

Results: Ophthalmology consulted on 29% of patients with head-and-neck firearm injuries.

Lesion-induced sprouting promotes neurophysiological integration of septal and entorhinal inputs to granule cells in the dentate gyrus of rats.

Axonal sprouting of dentate gyrus (DG) afferents after entorhinal cortex (EC) lesion is a model preparation to assess lesion-induced functional reorganization in a denervated target structure. Following a unilateral EC lesion, the surviving contralateral entorhinal projection, termed the crossed temporodentate pathway (CTD), and the heterotypic septal input to the DG, the septodentate pathway (SD), undergo extensive axonal sprouting. We explored whether EC lesion alters the capacity of the SD pathway to influence CTD-evoked granule cell excitability in the DG.

Blunderbuss: Ocular and Orbital Injuries Due to Muzzle-Loading Firearms.

Purpose: Injury to the eye and/or orbital and adnexal structures associated with antiquated muzzle-loading firearms has not, to our knowledge, been characterized with the exception of a single case report.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of 7 patients treated at Vanderbilt University Medical Center from 2003 to 2017 who sustained traumatic injuries to the ocular and/or orbital structures secondary to the discharge of muzzle-loading firearms. The study was approved by the Vanderbilt Institutional Review Board.

Factors Affecting Repeatability of Foveal Avascular Zone Measurement Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Pathologic Eyes.

Purpose: To determine factors that may affect the repeatability of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) measurement obtained using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) including instrument type, image segmentation, image quality, and fundus pathology.

Patients And Methods: This prospective single-center study enrolled 43 subjects (85 eyes) with retinal vasculopathy, macular edema, optic pathology or normal contralateral eye. The macula was imaged twice using Optovue Angiovue and once using Cirrus Angioplex to obtain 3x3mm OCTA images centered on the fovea.

Blastic Transformation of a Mantle Cell Lymphoma Presenting as an Enlarging Unilateral Orbital Mass.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an uncommon form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma predominantly affecting male individuals of advanced age. Approximately 1-9% of cases of lymphoma affecting the orbital and ocular adnexal regions are attributed to MCL. We describe the case of a 65-year-old man with a 24-year history of MCL with initial remission followed by multiple relapses who presented with acute-onset binocular diplopia and proptosis of the left eye.

Novel FOXC2 Mutation and Distichiasis in a Patient With Lymphedema-Distichiasis Syndrome.

A 4 year-old-boy was referred for distichiasis of the upper and lower lids of both eyes that had been present since at least 1 year of age. The patient's family history was notable for distichiasis and lymphedema affecting numerous family members. The patient was found to have a novel heterozygous variant (c.

Perceptual training enhances temporal acuity for multisensory speech.

The temporal relationship between auditory and visual cues is a fundamental feature in the determination of whether these signals will be integrated. The window of perceived simultaneity (TBW) is a construct that describes the epoch of time during which asynchronous auditory and visual stimuli are likely to be perceptually bound. Recently, a number of studies have demonstrated the capacity for perceptual training to enhance temporal acuity for audiovisual stimuli (i.

The Impact of Feedback on the Different Time Courses of Multisensory Temporal Recalibration.

The capacity to rapidly adjust perceptual representations confers a fundamental advantage when confronted with a constantly changing world. Unexplored is how feedback regarding sensory judgments (top-down factors) interacts with sensory statistics (bottom-up factors) to drive long- and short-term recalibration of multisensory perceptual representations. Here, we examined the time course of both cumulative and rapid temporal perceptual recalibration for individuals completing an audiovisual simultaneity judgment task in which they were provided with varying degrees of feedback.

Multisensory perceptual learning is dependent upon task difficulty.

There has been a growing interest in developing behavioral tasks to enhance temporal acuity as recent findings have demonstrated changes in temporal processing in a number of clinical conditions. Prior research has demonstrated that perceptual training can enhance temporal acuity both within and across different sensory modalities. Although certain forms of unisensory perceptual learning have been shown to be dependent upon task difficulty, this relationship has not been explored for multisensory learning.

Audiovisual Simultaneity Judgment and Rapid Recalibration throughout the Lifespan.

Multisensory interactions are well established to convey an array of perceptual and behavioral benefits. One of the key features of multisensory interactions is the temporal structure of the stimuli combined. In an effort to better characterize how temporal factors influence multisensory interactions across the lifespan, we examined audiovisual simultaneity judgment and the degree of rapid recalibration to paired audiovisual stimuli (Flash-Beep and Speech) in a sample of 220 participants ranging from 7 to 86 years of age.

Atypical rapid audio-visual temporal recalibration in autism spectrum disorders.

Changes in sensory and multisensory function are increasingly recognized as a common phenotypic characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Furthermore, much recent evidence suggests that sensory disturbances likely play an important role in contributing to social communication weaknesses-one of the core diagnostic features of ASD. An established sensory disturbance observed in ASD is reduced audiovisual temporal acuity.

Deficient proactive interference of eyeblink conditioning in Wistar-Kyoto rats.

Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats exhibit behavioral inhibition and model anxiety vulnerability. Although WKY rats exhibit faster active avoidance acquisition, simple associative learning or the influence of proactive interference (PI) has not been adequately assessed in this strain. Therefore, we assessed eyeblink conditioning and PI in WKY and outbred Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.