DEPOT TRIAMCINOLONE INJECTION CONTRIBUTING TO ADRENAL SUPPRESSION AND CUSHING SYNDROME: CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW.

Objective: To present an unusual case of Cushing syndrome in a pediatric patient caused by a single depot triamcinolone injection.

Methods: A case report followed by a literature review are presented.

Results: A 13-year-old male presented with rapid weight gain, elevated blood pressure, headaches, and diffuse purplish striae.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus in a young girl: ominous presentation and atypical course.

Objective: To report a 7-year-old young girl who was found unresponsive and found to be in severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Presence of obesity, acanthosis nigricans, and strong family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) along with negative pancreatic autoimmune antibody evaluation suggested T2DM as the culprit.

Methods: We present clinical findings, laboratory test results, and imaging reports as well as follow-up on this unique presentation of T2DM.

Gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty: neoplastic causes and endocrine considerations.

Premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis manifests as gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty. The mechanisms behind HPG activation are complex and a clear etiology for early activation is often not elucidated. Though collectively uncommon, the neoplastic and developmental causes of gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty are very important to consider, as a delay in diagnosis may lead to adverse patient outcomes.

Health-related quality of life and cognitive functioning in pediatric short stature: comparison of growth-hormone-naïve, growth-hormone-treated, and healthy samples.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of short stature on generic health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and cognitive functioning in pediatric patients. Eighty-nine youth, 48 who were initially seen with short stature (SS group) and 41 with a history of short stature being treated with growth hormone (GHT group) and one of their legal guardians participated in the study. HRQOL and cognitive functioning were assessed using the PedsQL™ 4.

Polyuria and polydipsia in a young child: diagnostic considerations and identification of novel mutation causing familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus.

A 3-year 5-month-old boy was seen for second opinion regarding polydipsia and polyuria. Previously, a diagnosis of primary polydipsia was made after normal urine concentration after overnight water deprivation testing. The boy's father, paternal grandfather, and paternal aunt had diabetes insipidus treated with desmopressin acetate.

Sexual precocity in a 2-year-old boy caused by indirect exposure to testosterone cream.

Objective: To report a rare case of sexual precocity caused by inadvertent exposure to testosterone cream.

Methods: We report the clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings of a boy presenting with sexual precocity; review short- and long-term consequences; and discuss preventative measures.

Results: A 2 and 7/12-year-old boy had onset of pubic hair without testicular enlargement and a period of rapid linear growth.

Self-assessment of sexual maturation in children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To evaluate the reliability of a self-assessment tool as a surrogate means for estimating phase of sexual maturation in children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus.

Methods: Children and adolescents between 8 and 16 years of age with the diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited from the pediatric endocrinology clinic at a children's hospital. Participants were given a series of gender-appropriate drawings representing the 5 Tanner stages of sexual maturation for genital development in boys and breast and genital development in girls and asked to select the illustration that best represented their current maturity stage.