Publications by authors named "Matthew D Mitchell"

The impact of ocean warming on fish and fisheries is vigorously debated. Leading theories project limited adaptive capacity of tropical fishes and 14-39% size reductions by 2050 due to mass-scaling limitations of oxygen supply in larger individuals. Using the world's hottest coral reefs in the Persian/Arabian Gulf as a natural laboratory for ocean warming - where species have survived >35.

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Certificate of need (CON) laws limit the supply of health care services in about two-thirds of U.S. states.

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The habitat preferences of many reef fishes are well established, but the use of space within these habitats by non-site-attached species is poorly studied. The authors examined the space use of a functionally important mesopredator, graysby (Cephalopholis cruentata), on six patch reefs in the Florida Keys. A 1 m -scale grid was constructed on each reef and 16 individual C.

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Background: There are currently no evidence-based guidelines that provide standardized criteria for the discharge of COVID-19 patients from the hospital.

Objective: To address this gap in practice guidance, we reviewed published guidance and collected discharge protocols and procedures to identify and synthesize common practices.

Design: Rapid review of existing guidance from US and non-US public health organizations and professional societies and qualitative review using content analysis of discharge documents collected from a national sample of US academic medical centers with follow-up survey of hospital leaders SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: We reviewed 65 websites for major professional societies and public health organizations and collected documents from 22 Academic Medical Centers (AMCs) in the US participating in the HOspital MEdicine Reengineering Network (HOMERuN).

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Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for animals and yet becomes toxic with only a small increase in concentration. Toxicological studies have reported various effects of Se on fishes, including developmental impacts and deformities of the musculature and sensory systems. This paper investigates the impact of sublethal concentrations of Se on the ability of the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) to perform escape responses, a routine behaviour important to predator-prey dynamics.

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Background: In 2006, our healthcare system created a hospital Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) to support the local delivery of high-quality, safe and high value patient care. Since then, the importance of healthcare staff work life has also been highlighted, and together these four elements form the Quadruple Aim framework. Synergistic to this Aim, the Magnet program promotes and recognizes organizational nursing excellence.

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Background: Integration of evidence into practice is suboptimal. Clinical pathways, defined as multidisciplinary care plans, are a method for translating evidence into local settings and have been shown to improve the value of patient care.

Objective: To describe the development of a clinical pathways programme across a large academic healthcare system.

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Background: Bleeding is a well-known complication of percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB). Thus, antiplatelet agents are routinely held for most patients undergoing elective PRB to decrease bleeding risk.

Materials And Methods: In this systematic review, we examine the association between antiplatelet use and bleeding during PRB.

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In aquatic environments, uninjured prey escaping a predator release chemical disturbance cues into the water. However, it is unknown whether these cues are a simple physiological by-product of increased activity or whether they represent a social signal that is under some control by the sender. Here, we exposed wood frog tadpoles () to either a high or low background risk environment and tested their responses to disturbance cues (or control cues) produced by tadpoles from high-risk or low-risk backgrounds.

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Background: More than a million surgeries are performed annually in the United States for hip or knee arthroplasty or hip fracture stabilization. One-fifth of these patients have blood transfusions during their hospital stay. Increases in transfusion rates have caused concern about increased adverse events from unnecessary transfusions.

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In aquatic systems, chemical cues are a major source of information through which animals are able to assess the current state of their environment to gain information about local predation risk. Prey use chemicals released by predators (including cues from a predator's diet) and other prey (such as alarm cues and disturbance cues) to mediate a range of behavioural, morphological and life-history antipredator defences. Despite the wealth of knowledge on the ecology of antipredator defences, we know surprisingly little about the physiological mechanisms that control the expression of these defensive traits.

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Background: There is increasing demand for rapid reviews and timely evidence synthesis. The goal of this project was to understand end-user perspectives on the utility and limitations of rapid products including evidence inventories, rapid responses, and rapid reviews.

Methods: Interviews were conducted with key informants representing: guideline developers (n = 3), health care providers/health system organizations (n = 3), research funders (n = 1), and payers/health insurers (n = 1).

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Many vertebrates are known to show behavioural lateralization, whereby they differentially use one side of their body or either of their bilateral organs or limbs. Behavioural lateralization often manifests in a turning bias in fishes, with some individuals showing a left bias and others a right bias. Such biases could be the source of considerable conflict in fish schools given that there may be considerable social pressure to conform to the group to maintain effective group evasion.

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Due to the costs of antipredator behaviour, prey have the ability to finely modulate their response according to the risk they have experienced, and adjust it over different scales of ecological time. Information on which to base their responses can be obtained from direct experience, but also indirectly from nearby conspecifics. In aquatic environments, alarm cues from injured conspecifics are an important and reliable source of information about current predation risk.

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Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive form of lung cancer. Accurate staging is essential to select the optimal treatment plan to maximize survival. No consensus exists on standard imaging modalities for pretreatment staging of SCLC.

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Imaging tests are central to the diagnosis and staging of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the pertinent evidence on 5 imaging tests (computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, CT angiography, endoscopic ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration, and combined positron emission tomography with CT). Searches of several databases up to March 1, 2014, yielded 9776 articles, and 24 provided comparative effectiveness of 2 or more imaging tests.

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Prey individuals with complex life-histories often cannot predict the type of risk environment to which they will be exposed at each of their life stages. Because the level of investment in defences should match local risk conditions, we predict that these individuals should have the ability to modulate the expression of an integrated defensive phenotype, but this switch in expression should occur at key life-history transitions. We manipulated background level of risk in juvenile damselfish for four days following settlement (a key life-history transition) or 10 days post-settlement, and measured a suite of physiological and behavioural variables over 2 weeks.

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Background: Hospital evidence-based practice centers (EPCs) synthesize and disseminate evidence locally, but their impact on institutional decision making is unclear.

Objective: To assess the evidence synthesis activities and impact of a hospital EPC serving a large academic healthcare system.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Descriptive analysis of the EPC's database of rapid systematic reviews since EPC inception (July 2006-June 2014), and survey of report requestors from the EPC's last 4 fiscal years.

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It is critical for prey to recognise predators and distinguish predators from non-threatening species. Yet, we have little understanding of how prey develop effective predator recognition templates. Recent studies suggest that prey may actually learn key predator features which can be used to recognise novel species with similar characteristics.

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Objectives: Describe characteristics of rapid reviews and examine the impact of methodological variations on their reliability and validity.

Study Design And Setting: We conducted a literature review and interviews with organizations that produce rapid reviews or related products to identify methods, guidance, empiric evidence, and current practices.

Results: We identified 36 rapid products from 20 organizations (production time, 5 minutes to 8 months).

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Background: Rapid review (RR) products are inherently appealing as they are intended to be less time-consuming and resource-intensive than traditional systematic reviews (SRs); however, there is concern about the rigor of methods and reliability of results. In 2013 to 2014, a workgroup comprising representatives from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Evidence-based Practice Center Program conducted a formal evaluation of RRs. This paper summarizes results, conclusions, and recommendations from published review articles examining RRs.

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Unlabelled: The aims of this study were to synthesize the evidence concerning the effect of hourly rounding programs on patient satisfaction with nursing care and discuss implications for nurse administrators.

Background: Patient satisfaction is a key metric that influences both hospital ratings and reimbursement. Studies have suggested that purposeful nursing rounds can improve patient satisfaction, but the evidence to date has not been systematically examined.

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