Esthetic options with two jaw surgery.

Aesthetic changes are most frequently achieved by changing the underlying bony support to the facial skeleton. Aesthetic improvement may include additional procedures to mask or enhance the skeletal results. This article deals with aesthetic changes brought about by changes in the skeletal support of the face and focuses on movement of both jaws.

Biomaterials for use in frontal sinus obliteration.

Although fractures of the frontal sinus are infrequent (2-15% of victims of facial trauma), because of their proximity to the brain and eyes, the consequences of their management may have a significant impact on the patient. For frontal sinus injuries that affect the nasofrontal ducts or posterior wall, obliteration is indicated. Although frontal sinus surgery has been documented since 1750, a consensus as to the best material for obliteration has not been achieved.