Crossing the Pacific: Genomics Reveals the Presence of Japanese Sardine (Sardinops melanosticta) in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem.

Recent increases in frequency and intensity of warm water anomalies and marine heatwaves have led to shifts in species ranges and assemblages. Genomic tools can be instrumental in detecting such shifts. In the early stages of a project assessing population genetic structure in Pacific Sardine (Sardinops sagax), we detected the presence of Japanese Sardine (Sardinops melanosticta) along the west coast of North America for the first time.

Intraspecific variability in plant and soil chemical properties in a common garden plantation of the energy crop Populus.

Optimizing crops for synergistic soil carbon (C) sequestration can enhance CO2 removal in food and bioenergy production systems. Yet, in bioenergy systems, we lack an understanding of how intraspecies variation in plant traits correlates with variation in soil biogeochemistry. This knowledge gap is exacerbated by both the heterogeneity and difficulty of measuring belowground traits.

Sex-based differences in odds of motor vehicle crash injury outcomes.

Objective: Several studies have documented the relative risk or odds of injury and fatality for females versus males in motor vehicle crashes (Parenteau et al. 2013, Forman et al. 2019, Brumbelow and Jermakian, 2022; Noh et al.

Pulmonary Fibrosis Stakeholder Summit: A Joint NHLBI, Three Lakes Foundation, and Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation Workshop Report.

Despite progress in elucidation of disease mechanisms, identification of risk factors, biomarker discovery, and the approval of two medications to slow lung function decline in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and one medication to slow lung function decline in progressive pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis remains a disease with a high morbidity and mortality. In recognition of the need to catalyze ongoing advances and collaboration in the field of pulmonary fibrosis, the NHLBI, the Three Lakes Foundation, and the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation hosted the Pulmonary Fibrosis Stakeholder Summit on November 8-9, 2022. This workshop was held virtually and was organized into three topic areas: ) novel models and research tools to better study pulmonary fibrosis and uncover new therapies, ) early disease risk factors and methods to improve diagnosis, and ) innovative approaches toward clinical trial design for pulmonary fibrosis.

A multi-taxon analysis of European Red Lists reveals major threats to biodiversity.

Biodiversity loss is a major global challenge and minimizing extinction rates is the goal of several multilateral environmental agreements. Policy decisions require comprehensive, spatially explicit information on species' distributions and threats. We present an analysis of the conservation status of 14,669 European terrestrial, freshwater and marine species (ca.

An Unusual Macrocyclic Hexamer of an Iso-Tellurazole N-Oxide Featuring CTe O Chalcogen Bonds is Formed by κ -O Complexation to Fe(II) and Ni(II).

Studies of the supramolecular chemistry of iso-tellurazole N-oxides have been confined to non-polar media until now. To overcome that limitation, an iso-tellurazole N-oxide was derivatized with a primary alcohol group; the compound is soluble in polar solvents and stable in acidic to neutral aqueous media. Nickel (II) and iron (II) form macrocyclic complexes with six molecules of that iso-tellurazole N-oxide in a hitherto not-observed macrocyclic arrangement defined by CTe⋅⋅⋅O chalcogen bonds and κ -O bound to the metal ion.

Female crash fatality risk relative to males for similar physical impacts.

Objective: This paper estimates the latest trends regarding the effect of sex on driver-side or right-front passenger-side occupant fatalities in fatal crashes. The focus is on how recent model year (MY) light vehicles with advanced occupant protection technologies compare to older vehicles without these protections in terms of female fatality risk relative to males.

Methods: Data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) from 1975 to 2019 is used to calculate estimates of female fatality risk relative to males using logistic regression models and the double-pair comparison method.

Fast-decaying plant litter enhances soil carbon in temperate forests but not through microbial physiological traits.

Conceptual and empirical advances in soil biogeochemistry have challenged long-held assumptions about the role of soil micro-organisms in soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics; yet, rigorous tests of emerging concepts remain sparse. Recent hypotheses suggest that microbial necromass production links plant inputs to SOC accumulation, with high-quality (i.e.

Biological mechanisms may contribute to soil carbon saturation patterns.

Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) storage is a key strategy to mitigate rising atmospheric CO , yet SOC pools often appear to saturate, or increase at a declining rate, as carbon (C) inputs increase. Soil C saturation is commonly hypothesized to result from the finite amount of reactive mineral surface area available for retaining SOC, and is accordingly represented in SOC models as a physicochemically determined SOC upper limit. However, mineral-associated SOC is largely microbially generated.

Nitrogen cycling microbiomes are structured by plant mycorrhizal associations with consequences for nitrogen oxide fluxes in forests.

Volatile nitrogen oxides (N O, NO, NO , HONO, …) can negatively impact climate, air quality, and human health. Using soils collected from temperate forests across the eastern United States, we show microbial communities involved in nitrogen (N) cycling are structured, in large part, by the composition of overstory trees, leading to predictable N-cycling syndromes, with consequences for emissions of volatile nitrogen oxides to air. Trees associating with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi promote soil microbial communities with higher N-cycle potential and activity, relative to microbial communities in soils dominated by trees associating with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi.

A new maximum size for the family Nomeidae and the third record of a longfin cigarfish, Cubiceps paradoxus (Stromateoidei: Nomeidae) from California, USA.

We report the largest specimen from the stromateoid family Nomeidae. The specimen, measuring 1283 mm total length unpreserved, was caught on hook and line from shore in Port Hueneme, California, USA in June 2019. Despite scavenging damage, the specimen was identified as a longfin cigarfish, Cubiceps paradoxus, using morphological characters and molecular techniques.

Single-Stage Arthroscopic Autologous Matrix-Enhanced Chondral Transplantation (AMECT) in the Hip.

Chondral defects of the acetabulum in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome are an increasingly recognized cause of worse outcomes after treatment. Multiple procedures have been described for the treatment of hip cartilage lesions including microfracture, autologous chondrocyte implantation, matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation, and autograft and allograft transplantation. However, many of these techniques have poor long-term outcomes, require multiple surgical procedures, or rely on planned preoperative identification of the chondral lesion.

Return to Basketball After Hip Arthroscopy: Minimum 2-Year Follow-up.

Purpose: To present minimum 2-year patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and return to sport (RTS) data for a population of basketball players after hip arthroscopy.

Methods: Data were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed for all patients who underwent hip arthroscopy between February 2009 and May 2014. Patients with preoperative and minimum 2-year postoperative PROs, visual analog scale score for pain, and satisfaction, who regularly played basketball within 1 year before surgery, and who attempted to RTS met the inclusion criteria.

Five-Year Outcomes and Return to Sport of Runners Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy for Labral Tears With or Without Femoroacetabular Impingement.

Background: Recent evidence has demonstrated a high rate of return to running after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement at short-term follow-up. The midterm outcomes and rates of continued running of these patients are unknown.

Purpose: To evaluate midterm rates of return to running and outcomes after hip arthroscopy.

Exploring the role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in soil carbon dynamics.

The extent to which ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi enable plants to access organic nitrogen (N) bound in soil organic matter (SOM) and transfer this growth-limiting nutrient to their plant host, has important implications for our understanding of plant-fungal interactions, and the cycling and storage of carbon (C) and N in terrestrial ecosystems. Empirical evidence currently supports a range of perspectives, suggesting that ECM vary in their ability to provide their host with N bound in SOM, and that this capacity can both positively and negatively influence soil C storage. To help resolve the multiplicity of observations, we gathered a group of researchers to explore the role of ECM fungi in soil C dynamics, and propose new directions that hold promise to resolve competing hypotheses and contrasting observations.

Erratum: KAREN E. UNDERKOFFLER, MEAGAN A. LUERS, JOHN R. HYDE MATTHEW T. CRAIG (2018) A taxonomic review of Lampris guttatus (Brünnich 1788) (Lampridiformes; Lampridae) with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa, 4413: 551-565.

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National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and American Association for Thoracic Surgery Workshop Report: Identifying collaborative clinical research priorities in lung transplantation.

This report summarizes the discussion and recommendations from the June 2017 NHLBI-AATS Workshop on Identifying Collaborative Clinical Research Priorities in Lung Transplantation.

Midterm Outcomes and Return to Sports Among Athletes Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy.

Background: Hip arthroscopy is an established surgical treatment for pathologic hip conditions in athletes. There is a paucity in the literature regarding outcomes and return to sport for athletes in the midterm.

Purpose: To report minimum 5-year outcomes, return to sport, and level of sport among athletic patients who underwent hip arthroscopy.

A taxonomic review of Lampris guttatus (Brünnich 1788) Lampridiformes; Lampridae) with descriptions of three new species.

The genus Lampris (Lampridae) currently comprises two species, Lampris guttatus (Brünnich 1788) and L. immaculatus (Gilchrist 1905) commonly known as Opah and Southern Opah, respectively. Hyde et al.

Tree mycorrhizal type predicts within-site variability in the storage and distribution of soil organic matter.

Forest soils store large amounts of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), yet how predicted shifts in forest composition will impact long-term C and N persistence remains poorly understood. A recent hypothesis predicts that soils under trees associated with arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) store less C than soils dominated by trees associated with ectomycorrhizas (ECM), due to slower decomposition in ECM-dominated forests. However, an incipient hypothesis predicts that systems with rapid decomposition-e.

Biofidelity Evaluation of the THOR and Hybrid III 50 Percentile Male Frontal Impact Anthropomorphic Test Devices.

The objective of this study is to present a quantitative comparison of the biofidelity of the THOR and Hybrid III 50 percentile male ATDs. Quantitative biofidelity was assessed using NHTSA's Biofidelity Ranking System in a total of 21 test conditions, including impacts to the head, face, neck, upper thorax, lower oblique thorax, upper abdomen, lower abdomen, femur, knee, lower leg, and whole-body sled tests to evaluate upper body kinematics and thoracic response under frontal and frontal oblique restraint loading. Biofidelity Ranking System scores for THOR were better (lower) than Hybrid III in 5 of 7 body regions for internal biofidelity and 6 of 7 body regions for external biofidelity.

Development of thoracic injury risk functions for the THOR ATD.

The Test Device for Human Occupant Restraint (THOR) 50th percentile male anthropomorphic test device (ATD) aims to improve the ability to predict the risk of chest injury to restrained automobile occupants by measuring dynamic chest deflection at multiple locations. This research aimed to describe the methods for developing a thoracic injury risk function (IRF) using the multi-point chest deflection metrics from the 50th percentile male THOR Metric ATD with the SD-3 shoulder and associating to post-mortem human subjects (PMHS) outcomes that were matched on identical frontal and frontal-oblique impact sled testing conditions. Several deflection metrics were assessed as potential predictor variables for AIS 3+ injury risk, including a combined metric, called PC Score, which was generated from a principal component analysis.