Publications by authors named "Matthew Chiovitti"
Article Synopsis
- The study compares the effectiveness of two screening tools for major depression: the seven-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Depression subscale (HADS-D) and the total score of the 14-item version (HADS-T), which includes anxiety items and takes longer to complete.
- An analysis of data from 20,700 participants revealed that both HADS-D and HADS-T had similar sensitivity and specificity for detecting major depression, with optimal cutoffs being ≥7 for HADS-D and ≥15 for HADS-T.
- Overall, while both tools are accurate, the shorter HADS-D is preferred in most clinical settings due to its simplicity and time efficiency.
Purpose: Informal caregivers provide ongoing assistance to a loved one with a health condition. No studies have compared caregiving intensity and perception of burden across chronic medical conditions.
Materials And Methods: Databases were searched from inception through 11 September 2020 to identify studies that included the Level of Care Index or the Zarit Burden Inventory (ZBI) among caregivers for people with chronic diseases.
Article Synopsis
- The 2018/2019 Maternal Mental Health survey in Canada found that 18% of 7,085 mothers reported symptoms consistent with postpartum depression, as measured by the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS-5).
- An analysis of 3,958 participants from 19 studies revealed that the true prevalence of major depression, as assessed by a structured interview (SCID), was around 9.2%, while the EPDS-5 indicated a higher prevalence of 16.2%.
- The findings suggest that the EPDS-5 may overestimate the prevalence of major depression, highlighting the need for validated diagnostic interviews to accurately assess mental health in postpartum women.
Objectives: Estimates of depression prevalence in pregnancy and postpartum are based on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) more than on any other method. We aimed to determine if any EPDS cutoff can accurately and consistently estimate depression prevalence in individual studies.
Methods: We analyzed datasets that compared EPDS scores to Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID) major depression status.
Objectives: Validated diagnostic interviews are required to classify depression status and estimate prevalence of disorder, but screening tools are often used instead. We used individual participant data meta-analysis to compare prevalence based on standard Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - depression subscale (HADS-D) cutoffs of ≥8 and ≥11 versus Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID) major depression and determined if an alternative HADS-D cutoff could more accurately estimate prevalence.
Methods: We searched Medline, Medline In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations via Ovid, PsycINFO, and Web of Science (inception-July 11, 2016) for studies comparing HADS-D scores to SCID major depression status.
Objective: We evaluated whether sample size differences between arms of two-arm parallel group randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in American Psychological Association (APA)-affiliated journals were consistently smaller than expected by chance with simple randomization.
Method: We searched PsycINFO for two-arm parallel group RCTs in APA-affiliated journals published January 2007 to September 2017 that used individual randomization (1:1 allocation ratio), reported the number of participants randomized, and did not describe employing restrictive randomization (e.g.
Background: Little is known about the benefits, and barriers and facilitators to providing psychosocial support to caregivers to a loved one with a rare disease.
Objective: The aim of our scoping review was to map evidence on (1) perceived benefits and (2) barriers and facilitators of establishing and maintaining services.
Methods: The CINAHL and PubMed databases were searched in December 2018.
Objectives: The objectives were to determine the proportion of eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that contributed data to individual participant data meta-analyses (IPDMAs) and explore associated factors.
Study Design And Setting: IPDMAs with ≥10 eligible RCTs were identified by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane May 1, 2015 to February 13, 2017. Mixed-effect logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with data contribution.
Objective: Two previous individual participant data meta-analyses (IPDMAs) found that different diagnostic interviews classify different proportions of people as having major depression overall or by symptom levels. We compared the odds of major depression classification across diagnostic interviews among studies that administered the Depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D).
Methods: Data accrued for an IPDMA on HADS-D diagnostic accuracy were analysed.
Objectives: We evaluated whether sample sizes in different arms of two-arm parallel group randomized controlled trials of nonregulated interventions were systematically closer in size than would plausibly occur by chance if simple randomization had been applied.
Study Design And Setting: We searched PubMed for trials of nonregulated health care interventions that did not report using restricted randomization from journals in behavioral sciences and psychology, nursing, nutrition and dietetics, rehabilitation, and surgery. We emailed trial authors to clarify randomization procedures.
Objectives: A previous individual participant data meta-analysis (IPDMA) identified differences in major depression classification rates between different diagnostic interviews, controlling for depressive symptoms on the basis of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. We aimed to determine whether similar results would be seen in a different population, using studies that administered the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in pregnancy or postpartum.
Methods: Data accrued for an EPDS diagnostic accuracy IPDMA were analysed.
Importance: Many interventions that are important to the health care of patients are not subject to regulation by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or comparable regulatory bodies in other nations.
Objective: To determine whether specialty journals that publish trials of primarily nonregulated health care interventions require prospective registration and whether the prospective registration policies are associated with the publication of prospectively registered trials, trials with adequately registered outcomes, and trials with primary outcomes consistent with the registered primary outcomes.
Design And Methods: PubMed was searched daily, from March 18, 2016, to September 17, 2016, for nonregulated intervention randomized clinical trials.
Background: The objective of this study was to develop and validate a short form of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), a self-report questionnaire for assessing depressive symptomatology, using objective criteria.
Methods: Responses on the PHQ-9 were obtained from 7,850 English-speaking participants enrolled in 20 primary diagnostic test accuracy studies. PHQ unidimensionality was verified using confirmatory factor analysis, and an item response theory model was fit.
Background: Different diagnostic interviews are used as reference standards for major depression classification in research. Semi-structured interviews involve clinical judgement, whereas fully structured interviews are completely scripted. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), a brief fully structured interview, is also sometimes used.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF