The Dynamics of Locomotor Neuromuscular Fatigue during Ramp-Incremental Cycling to Intolerance.

Introduction: Traditional neuromuscular fatigue assessments are not task-specific and are unable to characterize neuromuscular performance decline during dynamic whole-body exercise. This study used interleaved maximal isokinetic cycling efforts to characterize the dynamics of the decline in neuromuscular performance during ramp-incremental (RI) cycle ergometry exercise to intolerance.

Methods: Eleven young healthy participants (10 male/1 female) performed two RI cycle ergometry exercise tests to intolerance: [1] RI-exercise with peak isokinetic power (Piso) at 80 rev·min-1 measured at baseline and immediately at intolerance from a maximal ~6 s effort; [2] RI-exercise where additional Piso measurements were interleaved every 90 s to characterize the decline in neuromuscular performance during the RI-test.

Establishing the health and wellbeing needs of mining host community in Brazil, Chile and Peru: a mixed-method approach to identify priority areas for action to help communities meet their SDG3 targets.

Background: The global mining industry is an important partner in advancing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In 2018, Anglo American plc published their Sustainable Mining Plan, containing a goal for improving health and wellbeing aligned with the Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG3) targets. Having formed an independent multidisciplinary research consortium, we designed and implemented a mixed-methods approach to attain a deeper understanding of SDG3 priorities within the local context of communities hosting Anglo American mining operations located in Latin America.

KRAS mutation allele frequency threshold alters prognosis in right-sided resected pancreatic cancer.

Background: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides information on genetic mutations and mutant allele frequency in tumor specimens. We investigated the prognostic significance of KRAS mutant allele frequency in patients with right-sided pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) treated with surgical resection.

Methods: A retrospective study reviewed patients who underwent surgical resection for PDAC and analyzed tumors with an in-house mutational panel.

Can corrections spread misinformation to new audiences? Testing for the elusive familiarity backfire effect.

Misinformation often continues to influence inferential reasoning after clear and credible corrections are provided; this effect is known as the continued influence effect. It has been theorized that this effect is partly driven by misinformation familiarity. Some researchers have even argued that a correction should avoid repeating the misinformation, as the correction itself could serve to inadvertently enhance misinformation familiarity and may thus backfire, ironically strengthening the very misconception that it aims to correct.

Margin-Positive Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma during Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Additional Resection Does Not Improve Survival.

Background: The impact of resecting positive margins during pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) remains debated. Additionally, the survival benefit of resecting multiple positive margins is unknown.

Methods: We identified patients with PDA who underwent PD from 2006 to 2015.

Adult-Onset Immunoglobulin A Vasculitis.

Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV), formerly Henoch-Schönlein purpura vasculitis, is a vasculitis commonly seen in children and only rarely described in adult patients. IgAV can present as arthralgia, rash, discolored urine, acute kidney injury, and gastrointestinal symptoms. We present a case of a 56-year-old man who presented with 1 month of worsening abdominal pain followed by a bilateral lower extremity rash.

Quantifying susceptibility of marine invertebrate biocomposites to dissolution in reduced pH.

Ocean acidification threatens many ecologically and economically important marine calcifiers. The increase in shell dissolution under the resulting reduced pH is an important and increasingly recognized threat. The biocomposites that make up calcified hardparts have a range of taxon-specific compositions and microstructures, and it is evident that these may influence susceptibilities to dissolution.

Pyogenic Liver Abscess with No Predisposing Risk Factors.

Pyogenic liver abscesses (PLA) are an uncommon cause of hospitalization in the United States. The majority of such cases are polymicrobial and are most commonly caused by seeding of infection from the biliary system. PLA is frequently associated with specific comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, history of liver transplant, underlying hepatobiliary, or pancreatic disease.

Interstitial Lung Disease in the Elderly.

Background: Despite the relationship between idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and advancing age, little is known about the epidemiology of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in the elderly. We describe the diagnoses, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of patients who were elderly at the time of ILD diagnosis.

Methods: Among subjects from a prospective cohort study of ILD, elderly was defined as age ≥ 70 years.

Stigmergic gene transfer and emergence of universal coding.

We consider a simple information-theoretic model for evolutionary dynamics approaching the "coding threshold," where the capacity to symbolically represent nucleic acid sequences emerges in response to a change in environmental conditions. We study the conditions when a coupling between the dynamics of a "proto-cell" and its proto-symbolic representation becomes beneficial in terms of preserving the proto-cell's information in a noisy environment. In particular, we are interested in understanding the behavior at the "error threshold" level, which, in our case, turns out to be a whole "error interval.