Pembrolizumab-Induced Vitiligo in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patient With Durable Complete Response.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as a valuable therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment. Pembrolizumab is an inhibitor of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligands 1 (PD-L1) and 2 (PD-L2). Disrupting the interaction between PD-L1 expressed on the cancer cell and PD-1 transmembrane protein on immune cells results in reactivation of T cell-mediated cellular immunity.

Reconstructing past changes in locus-specific recombination rates.

Background: Recombination rates vary at the level of the species, population and individual. Now recognized as a transient feature of the genome, recombination rates at a given locus can change markedly over time. Existing inferential methods, predominantly based on linkage disequilibrium patterns, return a long-term average estimate of past recombination rates.