Pediatric cervical spine clearance after blunt trauma and negative CT: What is the role of MRI?

Background And Purpose: The cervical spine in children has marked anatomical and biomechanical differences compared to adults, leading to significantly different patterns and incidence of spinal injury, and consequently to different X-ray and computed tomography (CT) imaging recommendations. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been validated to clear cervical spine trauma in adults, but not in pediatric patients. We hypothesized that MRI findings have a low probability to change management in children with spine trauma and negative CT findings.

Skull base infections, their complications, and management.

Objective: Our review aims to summarize the current literature on skull base infections (SBIs) and retrospectively analyze any such cases encountered at our institution.

Design: A literature search was conducted using online databases PubMed, MEDLINE, and ResearchGate with the terms "skull base osteomyelitis," "temporal bone osteomyelitis," "skull base infections," "necrotizing otitis media," and "SBO". References from the resulting manuscripts were reviewed for relevant articles.

Corrigendum: Relationship between cerebrovascular reactivity and cognition among people with risk of cognitive decline.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.

Traumatic injury clinical trial evaluating tranexamic acid in children (TIC-TOC): A pilot randomized trial.

Background: The antifibrinolytic drug tranexamic acid (TXA) improves survival in adults with traumatic hemorrhage; however, the drug has not been evaluated in a trial in injured children. We assessed the feasibility of a large-scale trial evaluating the effects of TXA in children with severe hemorrhagic injuries.

Methods: Severely injured children (0 up to 18th birthday) were randomized into a double-blind randomized trial of (1) TXA 15 mg/kg bolus dose, followed by 2 mg/kg/h infusion over 8 h, (2) TXA 30 mg/kg bolus dose, followed by 4 mg/kg/h infusion over 8 h, or (3) normal saline placebo bolus and infusion.

Enrollment with and without exception from informed consent in a pilot trial of tranexamic acid in children with hemorrhagic injuries.

Background: Federal exception from informed consent (EFIC) procedures allow studies to enroll patients with time-sensitive, life-threatening conditions when written consent is not feasible. Our objective was to compare enrollment rates with and without EFIC in a trial of tranexamic acid (TXA) for children with hemorrhagic injuries.

Methods: We conducted a four-center randomized controlled pilot and feasibility trial evaluating TXA in children with severe hemorrhagic brain and/or torso injuries.

Relationship Between Cerebrovascular Reactivity and Cognition Among People With Risk of Cognitive Decline.

Vascular risk factors (e.g., obesity and hypertension) are associated with cerebral small vessel disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, and dementia.

Multimodality oncologic evaluation of superficial neck and facial lymph nodes.

Involvement of lymph nodes in patients with head and neck cancers impacts treatment and prognosis. Head and neck lymph nodes are comprised of superficial and deep groups which are interconnected. The deep lymph nodes, predominantly centered along internal jugular veins, are very well-known to radiologists and clinicians.

Congenital presentation of synchronous Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor and Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor of the urinary bladder in a term infant.

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a rare central nervous system (CNS) tumor diagnosed primarily in infants and usually portends a poor prognosis. Despite being the most common embryonal tumor in children less than 1 year old, diagnosis is difficult to make based on clinical findings or imaging alone. A complete diagnosis of AT/RT requires identification of loss of integrase interactor 1 (INI1) protein or the SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily b, member 1 () gene, in its most common presentation.

Bilateral external auditory canal masses following repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm and open decompressive exploratory laparotomy for compartment syndrome: A rare case of spontaneous bilateral otorrhagia.

Very few cases of spontaneous otorrhagia (SO) following nonotolaryngologic surgery have ever been reported in surgical literature and none in radiographic. Of the surgical cases reported, SO occurred in the perioperative period following laparoscopic surgeries in the Trendelenburg position. We report the first case of spontaneous bilateral otorrhagia which presented as bilateral external auditory canal masses following endovascular surgery and open decompressive laparotomy in a 60-year-old male with a prior history of hypertension and smoking.

Multimodal imaging features of intraocular foreign bodies.

: To determine the imaging approach for evaluating intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) by comparing the ability of different modalities [plain film x-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonsance imaging (MRI), convetional ultrasound, and ultrasound biomicroscopy] to detect and characterize IOFBs.: Systematic review of the literature.: CT is the most practical first step for evaluating patients with suspected IOFBs because it can detect a wide range of IOFB types at small limitis of detection.

A Comprehensive Review of Cross-Sectional Imaging of the Nasolacrimal Drainage Apparatus: What Radiologists Need to Know.

The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive review of the radiographic anatomy and cross-sectional imaging findings of the full gamut of nasolacrimal drainage apparatus diseases, highlighting imaging findings from the different nasolacrimal drainage apparatus surgeries, posttreatment complications, and potential imaging pitfalls. Radiologists play a critical role in guiding the management of nasolacrimal drainage apparatus diseases and should be familiar with the anatomy and characteristic imaging findings of commonly encountered nasolacrimal drainage apparatus abnormalities and surgeries.

Real-time augmented reality for delineation of surgical margins during neurosurgery using autofluorescence lifetime contrast.

Current clinical brain imaging techniques used for surgical planning of tumor resection lack intraoperative and real-time feedback; hence surgeons ultimately rely on subjective evaluation to identify tumor areas and margins. We report a fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) instrument (excitation: 355 nm; emission spectral bands: 390/40 nm, 470/28 nm, 542/50 nm and 629/53 nm) that integrates with surgical microscopes to provide real-time intraoperative augmentation of the surgical field of view with fluorescent derived parameters encoding diagnostic information. We show the functionality and safety features of this instrument during neurosurgical procedures in patients undergoing craniotomy for the resection of brain tumors and/or tissue with radiation damage.

Traumatic injury clinical trial evaluating tranexamic acid in children (TIC-TOC): study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: Trauma is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children in the United States. The antifibrinolytic drug tranexamic acid (TXA) improves survival in adults with traumatic hemorrhage, however, the drug has not been evaluated in a clinical trial in severely injured children. We designed the Traumatic Injury Clinical Trial Evaluating Tranexamic Acid in Children (TIC-TOC) trial to evaluate the feasibility of conducting a confirmatory clinical trial that evaluates the effects of TXA in children with severe trauma and hemorrhagic injuries.

Incomplete Cord Syndromes: Clinical and Imaging Review.

The ability to localize the three spinal tracts (corticospinal tract, spinothalamic tract, and dorsal [posterior] columns) involved in incomplete spinal cord syndromes at cross-sectional imaging and knowledge of the classic clinical manifestations of the various syndromes enable optimized imaging evaluation and provide clinicians with information that aids in diagnosis and treatment. The requisite knowledge for localizing these tracts is outlined. The authors review the spinal cord anatomy, blood supply, and course of these tracts and describe the various associated syndromes: specifically, dorsal cord, ventral cord, central cord, Brown-Séquard, conus medullaris, and cauda equina syndromes.

Myopericytoma of the neck originating in the middle scalene muscle: A case report.

We report a case of myopericytoma of the neck. A 23-year-old woman noticed a small, nontender mass in her left supraclavicular fossa. The mass had grown over a period of 5 months, prompting her to seek evaluation.

Basic Imaging of Skull Base Trauma.

Skull base fractures extend through the floor of the anterior, middle, or posterior cranial fossa. They are frequently associated with complex facial fractures and serious complications such as cranial nerve or vascular injury, cerebrospinal fluid leak, or meningitis. Several distinct patterns of skull base fractures have been recognized, each of them associated with different complications.

Imaging Characteristics of Olfactory Neuroblastoma (Esthesioneuroblastoma).

This presentation outlines the clinical and imaging characteristics of esthesioneuroblastoma.

Chondroblastoma of the Clivus: Case Report and Review.

Background and Importance Chondroblastoma is a benign primary bone tumor that typically develops in the epiphyses of long bones. Chondroblastoma of the craniofacial skeleton is extremely rare, with most cases occurring in the squamosal portion of the temporal bone. In this report, we describe the first case of chondroblastoma of the clivus presenting with cranial neuropathy that was treated with endoscopic endonasal resection.

Temporal evolution on MRI of successful treatment of rabies.

Rabies is a nearly uniformly fatal disease for individuals who develop clinical symptoms. We report a case of a patient with paralytic rabies who survived after being treated with what is now known as Milwaukee protocol. This is only the third known case of rabies survival after being treated with the protocol.

CrossFit-related cervical internal carotid artery dissection.

CrossFit is a high-intensity strength and conditioning program that has gained popularity over the past decade. Potential injuries associated with CrossFit training have been suggested in past reports. We report three cases of cervical carotid dissection that are associated with CrossFit workouts.

Observation versus neck dissection for positron-emission tomography-negative lymphadenopathy after chemoradiotherapy.

Objectives/hypothesis: To analyze outcomes among patients with residual positron-emission tomography (PET)-negative lymphadenopathy after chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer based on whether or not they underwent neck dissection.

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Methods: Fifty-five patients with stage III/IV squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were identified with residual PET-negative lymphadenopathy based on standardized uptake value of <3.

The utility and accuracy of computed tomography in the diagnosis of occipitocervical dissociation.

Background Context: Atlantooccipital dislocation (AOD) results in profound patient morbidity and mortality and is difficult to accurately diagnose using current evaluation techniques.

Purpose: To evaluate the utility of computed tomography (CT) images in the diagnosis of AOD and compare the revised occipital condyle-C1 interval (CCI) and the condylar sum to the current radiographic criteria used to detect AOD.

Study Design: Retrospective review to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and the interobserver reliability of eight radiographic criteria as applied to CT imaging.

Posterior fossa calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the central nervous system.

Calcifying pseudoneoplasms of the neuraxis are rare, poorly understood masses that may arise throughout the CNS. Although these lesions are generally considered benign and noninfiltrative, reports exist that document growth of these masses on serial plain radiographs. The authors report a case of a posterior fossa calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the neuraxis demonstrating interval development of peritumoral edema on serial MRI.