Air Pollution and Acute Kidney Injury in the U.S. Medicare Population: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Background: Recent studies have reported the association between air pollution exposure and reduced kidney function. However, it is unclear whether air pollution is associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI).

Objectives: To address this gap in knowledge, we investigated the effect estimates of long-term exposures to fine particulate matter [PM in aerodynamic diameter ()], nitrogen dioxide (), and ozone () on the risk of first hospital admission for AKI using nationwide Medicare data.

The effect of long-term exposure to air pollution and seasonal temperature on hospital admissions with cardiovascular and respiratory disease in the United States: A difference-in-differences analysis.

Background: Few studies have simultaneously examined the effect of long-term exposure to air pollution and ambient temperature on the rate of hospital admissions with cardiovascular and respiratory disease using causal inference methods.

Methods: We used a variation of a difference-in-difference (DID) approach to assess the effects of long-term exposure to warm-season temperature, cold-season temperature, NO, O, and PM on the rate of hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease (CVD), myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, and respiratory diseases from 2001 to 2016 among Medicare beneficiaries who use fee-for-service programs. We computed the rate of admissions by zip code and year.

Air Pollutants and Asthma Hospitalization in the Medicaid Population.

Risk of asthma hospitalization and its disparities associated with air pollutant exposures are less clear within socioeconomically disadvantaged populations, particularly at low degrees of exposure. To assess effects of short-term exposures to fine particulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ⩽2.5 μm [PM]), warm-season ozone (O), and nitrogen dioxide (NO) on risk of asthma hospitalization among national Medicaid beneficiaries, the most disadvantaged population in the United States, and to test whether any subpopulations were at higher risk.

Long-term effect of exposure to lower concentrations of air pollution on mortality among US Medicare participants and vulnerable subgroups: a doubly-robust approach.

Background: Long-term exposure to air pollution has been linked with an increase in risk of mortality. Whether existing US Environmental Protection Agency standards are sufficient to protect health is unclear. Our study aimed to examine the relationship between exposure to lower concentrations of air pollution and the risk of mortality.

Long-Term Association of Air Pollution and Hospital Admissions Among Medicare Participants Using a Doubly Robust Additive Model.

Background: Studies examining the nonfatal health outcomes of exposure to air pollution have been limited by the number of pollutants studied and focus on short-term exposures.

Methods: We examined the relationship between long-term exposure to fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 micrometers (PM), NO, and tropospheric ozone and hospital admissions for 4 cardiovascular and respiratory outcomes (myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, atrial fibrillation and flutter, and pneumonia) among the Medicare population of the United States.