Orthopedic Implant Hypersensitivity Reactions: Concepts and Controversies.

Orthopedic implant hypersensitivity reactions (IHRs) are known to occur but are uncommon. Clinical presentations include local and generalized cutaneous reactions and noncutaneous complications. Pathogenesis traditionally was believed a type IV delayed hypersensitivity reaction, but there is evidence that innate immunity plays a role.