Do Publicly Funded Neighborhood Investments Impact Individual-Level Health-Related Outcomes? A Longitudinal Study of Two Neighborhoods in Pittsburgh, PA from 2011 to 2018.

Research examining the relationship between a neighborhood's built-environment and resident health or health-related outcomes has largely either focused on static characteristics using a cross-sectional research design or focuses on the neighborhood in its entirety. Such an approach makes it difficult to understand how specific dynamic neighborhood characteristics are associated with individual well-being. In this analysis, we use longitudinal data from the Pittsburgh Research on Neighborhood Change and Health (PHRESH) studies to assess the relationship between publicly funded neighborhood investments occurring across seven years (2011-2018) on five health-related outcomes: food insecurity, stress, perceived neighborhood safety, neighborhood satisfaction, and dietary quality.

Food Insecurity Among Aging SNAP Participants and Eligible Nonparticipants in Two Predominantly Low-Income Black Neighborhoods: Implications for SNAP Enrollment and Outreach for Older Adults.

Background: The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) plays a critical role in alleviating poverty and food insecurity. Despite these benefits, many older Americans who are eligible for SNAP do not participate in the program. Few studies have explored household factors and food insecurity outcomes associated with nonparticipation among older Black Americans.

What Is Associated with Changes in Food Security among Low-Income Residents of a Former Food Desert?

Lack of geographic access to foods has been postulated as a cause for food insecurity, which has been linked to poor nutrition, obesity, and chronic disease. Building on an established cohort of randomly selected households from a low-income, predominantly Black neighborhood, we examined household food security, distance to where study participants reported doing their major food shopping, and prices at stores where they shopped. Data from the Pittsburgh Hill/Homewood Research on Eating, Shopping, and Health study for years 2011, 2014 and 2018 was limited to residents of the neighborhood that began as a food desert (i.

Use Of And Willingness To Use Video Telehealth Through The COVID-19 Pandemic.

We examined use of and willingness to use video telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic in a longitudinally followed cohort. Between February 2019 and March 2021, use and willingness to use increased among nearly all subgroups, with large increases among Black adults and adults with lower educational attainment. In March 2021 Black adults, adults ages 20-39, and high-income adults reported the greatest willingness to use video telehealth.

Job loss and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: Longitudinal Analysis from residents in nine predominantly African American low-income neighborhoods.

While psychological distress is a common sequelae of job loss, how that relationship continued during the COVID-19 pandemic is unclear, for example, given higher health risk to working due to disease exposure. This paper examines changes in psychological distress depending on job loss among a cohort of randomly selected residents living in nine predominantly African American low-income neighborhoods in Pittsburgh PA across four waves between 2013 and 2020. Between 2013 and 2016, we found an increase in psychological distress after job loss in line with the literature.

Examining the impact of employment status on sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic in two low-income neighborhoods in Pittsburgh, PA.

Study Objectives: African Americans have faced disproportionate socioeconomic and health consequences associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study examines employment and its association with sleep quality during the initial months of the pandemic in a low-income, predominantly African American adult sample.

Methods: In the early months of COVID-19 (March to May 2020), we administered a survey to an ongoing, longitudinal cohort of older adults to assess the impact of COVID-related changes in employment on self-reported sleep quality (N = 460; 93.

A longitudinal study of predictors of serious psychological distress during COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The prevalence of serious psychological distress (SPD) was elevated during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA, but the relationships of SPD during the pandemic with pre-pandemic SPD, pre-pandemic socioeconomic status, and pandemic-related social stressors remain unexamined.

Methods: A probability-based sample ( = 1751) of the US population age 20 and over was followed prospectively from February 2019 (T1), with subsequent interviews in May 2020 (T2) and August 2020 (T3). Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess prospective relationships between T1 SPD with experiences of disruption of employment, health care, and childcare at T2.

Time-resolved ion energy measurements using a retarding potential analyzer.

A retarding potential energy analyzer was used to obtain temporally resolved ion energy distribution functions (IEDFs) of a flowing laboratory plasma. The plasma of time varying ion energy was generated at 1 and 20 kHz using a commercial gridded ion source and modulated using a wideband power amplifier. Three plasma energy modulation setpoints were tested, and their IEDFs were reconstructed.

Mixed Effects of Neighborhood Revitalization on Residents' Cardiometabolic Health.

Introduction: Despite the growing recognition of the importance of neighborhood conditions for cardiometabolic health, causal relationships have been difficult to establish owing to a reliance on cross-sectional designs and selection bias. This is the first natural experiment to examine the impact of neighborhood revitalization on cardiometabolic outcomes in residents from 2 predominantly African American neighborhoods, one of which has experienced significant revitalization (intervention), whereas the other has not (comparison).

Methods: The sample included 532 adults (95% African American, 80% female, mean age=58.

Structure-Guided Design of Conformationally Constrained Cyclohexane Inhibitors of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 3CL Protease.

A series of nondeuterated and deuterated dipeptidyl aldehyde and masked aldehyde inhibitors that incorporate in their structure a conformationally constrained cyclohexane moiety was synthesized and found to potently inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 3CL protease in biochemical and cell-based assays. Several of the inhibitors were also found to be nanomolar inhibitors of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus 3CL protease. The corresponding latent aldehyde bisulfite adducts were found to be equipotent to the precursor aldehydes.

SNAP Participants and High Levels of Food Insecurity in the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately strained households experiencing poverty, particularly Black and Latino households. Food insecurity, which entails having limited or uncertain access to a sufficient quantity of nutritious food, is a key pandemic-related consequence. We examined how people enrolled in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) have been affected by the pandemic, particularly Black participants and participants residing in food deserts.

Differential Ion Mobility Separations of d/l Peptide Epimers.

Life was originally assumed to utilize the l-amino acids only. Since 1980s, the d-amino acid-containing peptides (DAACPs) were detected in animals, often at extremely low levels with tremendous functional specificity. As the unguided proteomic algorithms based on peptide masses are oblivious to DAACPs, many more are believed to be hidden in organisms and novel methods to tackle DAACPs are sought.

A longitudinal study of psychological distress in the United States before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused financial stress and disrupted daily life more quickly than any prior economic downturn and on a scale beyond any prior natural disaster. This study aimed to assess the impact of the pandemic on psychological distress and identify vulnerable groups using longitudinal data to account for pre-pandemic mental health status. Clinically significant psychological distress was assessed with the Kessler-6 in a national probability sample of adults in the United States at two time points, February 2019 (T1) and May 2020 (T2).

Delineation of Isomers by the C Shifts in Ion Mobility Spectra.

Mass spectrometry (MS) and isotopes were intertwined for a century, with stable isotopes central to many MS identification and quantification protocols. In contrast, the analytical separations including ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) largely ignored isotopes, partly because of insufficient resolution. We recently delineated various halogenated aniline isomers by structurally specific splitting in FAIMS spectra.

Improvements in Neighborhood Socioeconomic Conditions May Improve Resident Diet.

Neighborhood socioeconomic conditions (NSECs) are associated with resident diet, but most research has been cross-sectional. We capitalized on a natural experiment in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in which 1 neighborhood experienced substantial investments and a sociodemographically similar neighborhood that did not, to examine pathways from neighborhood investments to changed NSECs and changed dietary behavior. We examined differences between renters and homeowners.

Does Large-Scale Neighborhood Reinvestment Work? Effects of Public-Private Real Estate Investment on Local Sales Prices, Rental Prices, and Crime Rates.

During the 1990s, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development awarded more than $6 billion in competitive grants called HOPE VI to spur neighborhood redevelopment.

Structurally Informative Isotopic Shifts in Ion Mobility Spectra for Heavier Species.

The isotopic molecular envelopes due to stable isotopes for most elements were a staple of mass spectrometry since its origins, often leveraged to identify and quantify compounds. However, all isomers share one MS envelope. As the molecular motion in media also depends on the isotopic composition, separations such as liquid chromatography (LC) and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) must also feature isotopic envelopes.

Do investments in low-income neighborhoods produce objective change in health-related neighborhood conditions?

This study examined the effect of neighborhood investments on neighborhood walkability, presence of incivilities, and crime in two low-income, primarily African American neighborhoods in Pittsburgh, USA. During the study period, one of the neighborhoods (the intervention neighborhood) received substantially more publicly-funded investments than a demographically matched comparison neighborhood. Comparisons between the neighborhoods showed a significant difference-in-difference for all three outcomes.

High-Resolution Ion Mobility Separations of Isomeric Glycoforms with Variations on the Peptide and Glycan Levels.

Glycosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification (PTM) that strongly affects the protein folding and function. Glycosylation patterns are impacted by many diseases, making promising biomarkers. Glycans are also the most complex PTMs, exhibiting isomers (linkage, anomers, and those with isomeric moieties).

The Surgical and Anesthesia Workforce and Provision of Surgical Services in Rural Communities: A Mixed-Methods Examination.

Purpose: Rural-urban disparities in the surgical and anesthesia workforce exist. This mixed-methods study describes the distribution of the surgical and anesthesia workforce and qualitatively explores how such workforce and other factors influence rural hospitals' provision of surgical services.

Methods: We calculated provider counts by county from the Area Health Resource File.

Middle-Down Proteomic Analyses with Ion Mobility Separations of Endogenous Isomeric Proteoforms.

Biological functions of many proteins are governed by post-translational modifications (PTMs). In particular, the rich PTM complement in histones controls the gene expression and chromatin structure with major health implications via a combinatoric language. Deciphering that "histone code" is the great challenge for proteomics given an astounding number of possible proteoforms, including isomers with different PTM positions.

Effects of opting-out from federal nurse anesthetists' supervision requirements on anesthesiologist work patterns.

Objective: To estimate the impact of opting-out from Medicare supervision requirements for certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs) on anesthesiologists' work patterns.

Data Sources/study Setting: Secondary data from two national surveys of anesthesiologists and the Area Health Resource File.

Study Design: We use a matching difference-in-difference regression which contrasts the change in work patterns for anesthesiologists in California, which dropped supervision requirements, to the change for similar anesthesiologists.

The Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasound in Detecting Distal Radius Fractures in a Pediatric Population.

Objective: Sports ultrasound (US) is becoming popular in diagnosing musculoskeletal injuries. This study, also called the Pediatric Distal Radius Ultrasound Study (PeDRUS), compared the diagnostic accuracy of sports US with plain radiographs in possible distal radius buckle fractures in pediatric population.

Methods: In this prospective observational study, patients (2-15 years) presenting to an outpatient orthopedic injury clinic with distal forearm injuries without deformity were recruited.

High-Resolution Differential Ion Mobility Separations/Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry without Buffer Gas Limitations.

Strong orthogonality between differential ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) and mass spectrometry (MS) makes their hybrid a powerful approach to separate isomers and isobars. Harnessing that power depends on high resolution in both dimensions. The ultimate mass resolution and accuracy are delivered by Fourier Transform MS increasingly realized in Orbitrap MS, whereas FAIMS resolution is generally maximized by buffers rich in He or H that elevate ion mobility and lead to prominent non-Blanc effects.