Objectives: To support a pragmatic, electronic health record (EHR)-based randomized controlled trial, we applied user-centered design (UCD) principles, evidence-based risk communication strategies, and interoperable software architecture to design, test, and deploy a prognostic tool for children in emergency departments (EDs) with pneumonia.
Methods: Risk for severe in-hospital outcomes was estimated using a validated ordinal logistic regression model to classify pneumonia severity. To render the results usable for ED clinicians, we created an integrated SMART on Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) web application built for interoperable use in two pediatric EDs using different EHR vendors: Epic and Cerner.
Cognitive task analysis (CTA) methods are traditionally used to conduct small-sample, in-depth studies. In this case study, CTA methods were adapted for a large multi-site study in which 102 anesthesiologists worked through four different high-fidelity simulated high-consequence incidents. Cognitive interviews were used to elicit decision processes following each simulated incident.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose Of Review: This article explores the impact of recent applications of artificial intelligence on clinical anesthesiologists' decision-making.
Recent Findings: Naturalistic decision-making, a rich research field that aims to understand how cognitive work is accomplished in complex environments, provides insight into anesthesiologists' decision processes. Due to the complexity of clinical work and limits of human decision-making (e.
Effective decision-making in crisis events is challenging due to time pressure, uncertainty, and dynamic decisional environments. We conducted a systematic literature review in PubMed and PsycINFO, identifying 32 empiric research papers that examine how trained professionals make naturalistic decisions under pressure. We used structured qualitative analysis methods to extract key themes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Electronic health record (EHR) system transitions are challenging for healthcare organizations. High-volume, safety-critical tasks like barcode medication administration (BCMA) should be evaluated, yet standards for ensuring safety during transition have not been established.
Objective: Identify risks in common and problem-prone medication tasks to inform safe transition between BCMA systems and establish benchmarks for future system changes.
Purpose: To analyze the clinical completeness, correctness, usefulness, and safety of chatbot and medication database responses to everyday inpatient medication-use questions.
Methods: We evaluated the responses from an artificial intelligence chatbot, a medication database, and clinical pharmacists to 200 real-world medication-use questions. Answer quality was rated by a blinded group of pharmacists, providers, and nurses.
Delivering high-quality, patient-centered cancer care remains a challenge. Both the National Academy of Medicine and the American Society of Clinical Oncology recommend shared decision making to improve patient-centered care, but widespread adoption of shared decision making into clinical care has been limited. Shared decision making is a process in which a patient and the patient's health-care professional weigh the risks and benefits of different options and come to a joint decision on the best course of action for that patient on the basis of their values, preferences, and goals for care.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Electronic health record-based clinical decision support (CDS) is a promising antibiotic stewardship strategy. Few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of antibiotic CDS in the pediatric emergency department (ED).
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of antibiotic CDS vs.
Objective: Nonroutine events (NREs, i.e., deviations from optimal care) can identify care process deficiencies and safety risks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Non-routine events (NRE) are defined as any suboptimal occurrences in a process being measured in the opinion of the reporter and comes from the field of human factors engineering. These typically occur well up-stream of an adverse event and NRE measurement has not been applied to the complex context of neonatal surgery. We sought to apply this novel safety event measurement methodology to neonates in the NICU undergoing gastrostomy tube placement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Even physicians who routinely work in complex, dynamic practices may be unprepared to optimally manage challenging critical events. High-fidelity simulation can realistically mimic critical clinically relevant events, however the reliability and validity of simulation-based assessment scores for practicing physicians has not been established.
Methods: Standardised complex simulation scenarios were developed and administered to board-certified, practicing anesthesiologists who volunteered to participate in an assessment study during formative maintenance of certification activities.
Background: Physician burnout may be at 'epidemic' proportions due to factors associated with modern healthcare practice and technology. Practice attributes vary appreciably among subspecialists. Understanding burnout incidence and its associated factors could illuminate potential causes and interventions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: A nonroutine event is any aspect of clinical care perceived by clinicians or trained observers as a deviation from optimal care based on the context of the clinical situation. The authors sought to delineate the incidence and nature of intraoperative nonroutine events during anesthesia care.
Methods: The authors prospectively collected audio, video, and relevant clinical information on 556 cases at three academic hospitals from 1998 to 2004.
Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the incidence, type, severity, preventability, and contributing factors of nonroutine events (NREs)-events perceived by care providers or skilled observers as a deviations from optimal care based on the clinical situation-in the perioperative (i.e., preoperative, operative, and postoperative) care of surgical neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit and operating room.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSince the publication of "Health Information Technology: Fallacies and Sober Realities" in 2010, health information technology (HIT) has become nearly ubiquitous in US healthcare facilities. Yet, HIT has yet to achieve its putative benefits of higher quality, safer, and lower cost care. There has been variable but largely marginal progress at addressing the 12 HIT fallacies delineated in the original paper.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: The Preemptive Pharmacogenetic-guided Metoprolol Management for Atrial Fibrillation in Cardiac Surgery (PREEMPTIVE) pilot trial aims to use existing institutional resources to develop a process for integrating CYP2D6 pharmacogenetic test results into the patient electronic health record, to develop an evidence-based clinical decision support tool to facilitate CYP2D6 genotype-guided metoprolol administration in the cardiac surgery setting, and to determine the impact of implementing this CYP2D6 genotype-guided integrated approach on the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF), provider, and cost outcomes.
Design: One-arm Bayesian adaptive design clinical trial.
Setting: Single center, university hospital.
Health information technology has contributed to improvements in quality and safety in clinical settings. However, the implementation of new technologies in health care has also been associated with the introduction of new sociotechnical hazards, produced through a range of complex interactions that vary with social, physical, temporal, and technological context. Other industries have been confronted with this problem and have developed advanced analytics to examine context-specific activities of workers and related outcomes.
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