PBS3: a versatile player in and beyond salicylic acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.

AVRPPHB SUSCEPTIBLE 3 (PBS3) belongs to the GH3 family of acyl acid amido synthetases, which conjugates amino acids to diverse acyl acid substrates. Recent studies demonstrate that PBS3 in Arabidopsis plays a key role in the biosynthesis of plant defense hormone salicylic acid (SA) by catalyzing the conjugation of glutamate to isochorismate to form isochorismate-9-glutamate, which is then used to produce SA through spontaneous decay or ENHANCED PSEUDOMONAS SUSCEPTIBILITY (EPS1) catalysis. Consistent with its function as an essential enzyme for SA biosynthesis, PBS3 is well known to be a positive regulator of plant immunity in Arabidopsis.

The Interplay between Hydrogen Sulfide and Phytohormone Signaling Pathways under Challenging Environments.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) serves as an important gaseous signaling molecule that is involved in intra- and intercellular signal transduction in plant-environment interactions. In plants, HS is formed in sulfate/cysteine reduction pathways. The activation of endogenous HS and its exogenous application has been found to be highly effective in ameliorating a wide variety of stress conditions in plants.