TGFbeta/Smad4-dependent and -independent regulation of human lens epithelial cells.

Purpose: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta can mediate fibrotic responses via Smad4-dependent and -independent signaling pathways. TGFbeta-induced transdifferentiation of lens epithelial cells to myofibroblasts and matrix contraction contribute to posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after cataract surgery. The primary objective of the study was to determine the importance of Smad4 in TGFbeta2-induced transdifferentiation, matrix contraction, and Smad signaling by human lens epithelial cells.