Benefit of pain and function after cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections, an observational study.

Objective: To evaluate the improvement of pain and function after cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections (CTFESI) for radicular pain.

Design: This is a retrospective observational study of patients receiving fluoroscopically-guided cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections under a single provider at a tertiary referral center from December 2013 to December 2020. Primary outcome measures were Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), patient reported percent of pain relief, the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global Health Physical and Mental Health score, and the Pain Disability Questionnaire.

Tracheostomy for COVID-19 Respiratory Failure: Multidisciplinary, Multicenter Data on Timing, Technique, and Outcomes.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19 respiratory failure.

Summary Background Data: Tracheostomy has an essential role in managing COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure who require prolonged mechanical ventilation. However, limited data are available on how tracheostomy affects COVID-19 outcomes, and uncertainty surrounding risk of infectious transmission has led to divergent recommendations and practices.

Prey exclusion combined with simulated fire increases subsequent prey-capture potential in the pale pitcher plant, Sarracenia alata.

Premise: The association of carnivory (an adaptation to nutrient-poor soils) with fire has been described as a paradox, given increases in nutrient availability that often accompany fire. The nutrients that increase in availability following fire, however, may not be the same as those provided by prey and may not reduce nutrient limitation if accompanied by even greater increases in light.

Methods: Using a factorial experiment in the field, we examined how simulated fire (clipping plus nitrogen-free fertilizer addition) and prey-derived nutrient availability (prey exclusion) interacted to influence carnivorous potential in Sarracenia alata and belowground competition with its neighbors (manipulated via trenching).

Minimal Overlap in Language Control Across Production And Comprehension: Evidence from Read-Aloud Versus Eye-Tracking Tasks.

Bilinguals are remarkable at -switching between languages only when they want. However, language control in production can involve . That is, switching to another language takes longer than staying in the same language.

A genome-wide approach for identification and characterisation of metabolite-inducible systems.

Inducible gene expression systems are vital tools for the advancement of synthetic biology. Their application as genetically encoded biosensors has the potential to contribute to diagnostics and to revolutionise the field of microbial cell factory development. Currently, the number of compounds of biological interest by far exceeds the number of available biosensors.

Prolonged Field Care in Support of Operation Inherent Resolve, 2016.

The authors present their experience in emergency and longterm medical care by Special Operations Forces (SOF) medical providers in an austere environment. In this case, a Special Forces Operational Detachment-Alpha (SFOD-A) was deployed in support of Operation Inherent Resolve, partnered with indigenous combat forces.

Paper #35: Comparison of EOSQ-24 and SRS-22 scores in Congenital Scoliosis.

EOSQ-24 has been validated in early onset scoliosis (EOS), including congenital scoliosis (CS), and is completed by the caregiver. SRS-22 has been validated in idiopathic scoliosis and is completed by the patient. This study demonstrated a strong correlation between EOSQ-24 and SRS-22 for patients with CS who completed both questionnaires.

Intraobserver and Interobserver Reliability of Radiographic Analysis of Proximal Humerus Fractures in Adolescents.

Background: Multiple studies have shown low intrarater and interrater agreement of radiographic classification systems for proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) in adults. There is no standardized method of measuring angulation of pediatric PHFs, nor is there consensus as to the amount of angulation and displacement that require operative fixation of adolescent PHFs. We propose a new standardized method to measure fracture angulation that is similar to the method used to measure the epiphyseal-shaft angle for slipped capital femoral epiphysis.

Intrathecal Morphine and Oral Analgesics Provide Safe and Effective Pain Control After Posterior Spinal Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Study Design: Retrospective comparative study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to demonstrate that intrathecal morphine (ITM) and oral analgesics provide effective pain control after posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), and this protocol has a low complication rate so patients can be admitted to a general care floor.

Summary Of Background Data: Previous studies have shown that ITM combined with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia or epidural infusion (EPI) provides effective pain control after PSF for AIS.

A High Preoperative Pain and Symptom Profile Predicts Worse Pain Outcomes for Children After Spine Fusion Surgery.

Background: Preoperative pain predicts persistent pain after spine fusion, yet little is understood about the nature of that pain, related symptoms, and how these symptoms relate to postoperative pain outcomes. This prospective study examined children's baseline pain and symptom profiles and the association between a high symptom profile and postoperative outcomes.

Methods: Seventy children (aged 10-17 years) scheduled for correction of idiopathic scoliosis completed pain and symptom surveys during their preoperative visit (ie, pain intensity [0-10 numeric rating scores], a pediatric version of the 2011 fibromyalgia survey criteria [including pain locations and symptom severity scale], neuropathic pain symptoms [painDETECT], and Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement System measures of fatigue, depression, function, pain interference, and pain catastrophizing).

Complications After Plate Fixation of Displaced Pediatric Midshaft Clavicle Fractures.

Background: Operative treatment of displaced pediatric midshaft clavicle fractures has become increasingly popular, despite lack of evidence that surgical management leads to superior outcomes. Complications, such as plate irritation necessitating removal and wound infection, have been reported in adults. The purpose of this study was to evaluate complications after plate fixation of midshaft clavicle fractures in the pediatric population.

Skipping syntactically illegal the previews: The role of predictability.

Readers tend to skip words, particularly when they are short, frequent, or predictable. Angele and Rayner (2013) recently reported that readers are often unable to detect syntactic anomalies in parafoveal vision. In the present study, we manipulated target word predictability to assess whether contextual constraint modulates the-skipping behavior.

Purple pitcher plant (Sarracenia rosea) Dieback and partial community disassembly following experimental storm surge in a coastal pitcher plant bog.

Sea-level rise and frequent intense hurricanes associated with climate change will result in recurrent flooding of inland systems such as Gulf Coastal pitcher plant bogs by storm surges. These surges can transport salt water and sediment to freshwater bogs, greatly affecting their biological integrity. Purple pitcher plants (Sarracenia rosea) are Gulf Coast pitcher plant bog inhabitants that could be at a disadvantage under this scenario because their pitcher morphology may leave them prone to collection of saline water and sediment after a surge.

Gartland type III supracondylar humerus fractures: outcome and complications as related to operative timing and pin configuration.

Purpose: Supracondylar fractures of the humerus are the most common fracture of the elbow in children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in terms of outcomes and complications, Gartland type III pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures treated at a pediatric level-one trauma center over a 7-year period, specifically addressing the impact of time to surgery on the incidence of complications and conversion to open reduction.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 297 pediatric patients that sustained a closed Gartland type III supracondylar humerus fracture treated between December 2004 and December 2011.

SUPERACID-PROMOTED HYDROXYALKYLATION OF 1,2-INDANDIONES.

1,2-Indandione reacts efficiently with arenes to give 2,2-diaryl-1-indanones by the hydroxyalkylation reaction. The Brønsted superacid CFSOH (triflic acid) is an effective catalyst for these condensation reactions. The requisite 1,2-indandiones were prepared from the 1-indanones.

Comparison of submuscular and open plating of pediatric femur fractures: a retrospective review.

Background: Plate osteosynthesis is an accepted method of treatment of pediatric femur fractures. Historically, open plating has been used. Submuscular bridge plating has gained recent popularity due to the theoretical advantages of decreased operative time, decreased blood loss, and decreased risk for infection.

Superelectrophilic chemistry of imidazoles.

The mechanistic and synthetic chemistry of imidazole-based superelectrophiles has been studied. The protonated imidazole ring, or imidazolium group, is shown to enhance the electrophilic reactivity of an adjacent carboxonium group (compared to a related monocationic species). This leads to efficient condensation reactions between imidazole aldehydes and ketone with arenes in the Brønsted superacid CF3SO3H.

Ectopic HOXA5 expression results in abnormal differentiation, migration and p53-independent cell death of superficial dorsal horn neurons.

Previously, we reported a line of mice (Hoxa5SV2) that ectopically expresses HOXA5 in the developing cervical and brachial dorsal spinal cord. Animals from this line exhibited a clear loss of cells in the outer lamina of the mature dorsal horn that coincided with an adult phenotype of sensory and motor defects of the forelimb. In this report, we examined the etiology of lost dorsal horn cells.

Magnetic resonance imaging of obstetrical brachial plexus injuries.

Objective: We reviewed MR imaging in infants with Erb's palsy. The goal was to determine the effectiveness of MR imaging in predicting operative findings for these infants.

Methods: Fifteen patients (mean age: 14.

Transgenic mice ectopically expressing HOXA5 in the dorsal spinal cord show structural defects of the cervical spinal cord along with sensory and motor defects of the forelimb.

Mutation of murine Hoxa5 has shown that HOXA5 controls lung, gastrointestinal tract and vertebrae development. Hoxa5 is also expressed in the spinal cord, yet no central nervous system phenotype has been described in Hoxa5 knockouts. To identify the role of Hoxa5 in spinal cord development, we developed transgenic mice that express HOXA5 in the dorsal spinal cord in the brachial region.