A Systematic Review on the Impact of Vaccination for Respiratory Disease on Antibody Titer Responses, Health, and Performance in Beef and Dairy Cattle.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a multifactorial disease complex commonly affecting beef and dairy operations. Vaccination against major BRD-related pathogens is routinely performed for disease prevention; however, uniform reporting of health and performance outcomes is infrequent. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of commercially available BRD-pathogen vaccination on titer response with respect to health or performance in beef and dairy cattle.

Comprehensive time-course gene expression evaluation of high-risk beef cattle to establish immunological characteristics associated with undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) remains the leading infectious disease in beef cattle production systems. Host gene expression upon facility arrival may indicate risk of BRD development and severity. However, a time-course approach would better define how BRD development influences immunological and inflammatory responses after disease occurrences.

Integrated Blood Transcriptome and Multi-Tissue Trace Mineral Analyses of Healthy Stocker Cattle Fed Complexed or Inorganic Trace Mineral Supplement.

Supplementing trace minerals is common in managing bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in post-weaned cattle; however, its influence on host immunity and metabolism in high-risk cattle remains unclear. We aimed to assess the impact of three supplementation programs on liver and serum trace element concentrations and blood gene expression. Fifty-six high-risk beef steers were randomly assigned to one of three groups over 60 days: (1) sulfate-sourced Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn (INR), (2) amino acid-complexed Cu, Mn, Co, and Zn (AAC), or (3) AAC plus trace mineral and vitamin drench (COMBO).

Characterizing the influence of various antimicrobials used for metaphylaxis against bovine respiratory disease on host transcriptome responses.

Currently, control against bovine respiratory disease (BRD) primarily consists of mass administration of an antimicrobial upon arrival to facility, termed "metaphylaxis." The objective of this study was to determine the influence of six different antimicrobials used as metaphylaxis on the whole blood host transcriptome in healthy steers upon and following arrival to the feedlot. One hundred and five steers were stratified by arrival body weight (BW = 247 ± 28 kg) and randomly and equally allocated to one of seven treatments: negative control (NC), ceftiofur (CEFT), enrofloxacin (ENRO), florfenicol (FLOR), oxytetracycline (OXYT), tildipirosin (TILD), or tulathromycin (TULA).

Influence of the At-Arrival Host Transcriptome on Bovine Respiratory Disease Incidence during Backgrounding.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) remains the leading disease within the U.S. beef cattle industry.

Hematological and gene co-expression network analyses of high-risk beef cattle defines immunological mechanisms and biological complexes involved in bovine respiratory disease and weight gain.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD), the leading disease complex in beef cattle production systems, remains highly elusive regarding diagnostics and disease prediction. Previous research has employed cellular and molecular techniques to describe hematological and gene expression variation that coincides with BRD development. Here, we utilized weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to leverage total gene expression patterns from cattle at arrival and generate hematological and clinical trait associations to describe mechanisms that may predict BRD development.

Impact of preweaning vaccination on host gene expression and antibody titers in healthy beef calves.

The impact of preweaning vaccination for bovine respiratory viruses on cattle health and subsequent bovine respiratory disease morbidity has been widely studied yet questions remain regarding the impact of these vaccines on host response and gene expression. Six randomly selected calves were vaccinated twice preweaning (T1 and T3) with a modified live vaccine for respiratory pathogens and 6 randomly selected calves were left unvaccinated. Whole blood samples were taken at first vaccination (T1), seven days later (T2), at revaccination and castration (T3), and at weaning (T4), and utilized for RNA isolation and sequencing.

Assessment of Diversity of Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotypes and Genotypes of Isolates From Bovine Nasopharyngeal Swabs.

The threat of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) for cattle operations is exacerbated by increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in , a leading cause of BRD. Characterization of AMR in by culture and susceptibility testing is complicated by uncertainty regarding the number of colonies that must be selected to accurately characterize AMR phenotypes (antibiograms) and genotypes in a culture. The study objective was to assess phenotypic and genotypic diversity of isolates on nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) from 28 cattle at risk for BRD or with BRD.

Use of nCounter mRNA profiling to identify at-arrival gene expression patterns for predicting bovine respiratory disease in beef cattle.

Background: Transcriptomics has identified at-arrival differentially expressed genes associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) development; however, their use as prediction molecules necessitates further evaluation. Therefore, we aimed to selectively analyze and corroborate at-arrival mRNA expression from multiple independent populations of beef cattle. In a nested case-control study, we evaluated the expression of 56 mRNA molecules from at-arrival blood samples of 234 cattle across seven populations via NanoString nCounter gene expression profiling.

Multipopulational transcriptome analysis of post-weaned beef cattle at arrival further validates candidate biomarkers for predicting clinical bovine respiratory disease.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) remains the leading infectious disease in post-weaned beef cattle. The objective of this investigation was to contrast the at-arrival blood transcriptomes from cattle derived from two distinct populations that developed BRD in the 28 days following arrival versus cattle that did not. Forty-eight blood samples from two populations were selected for mRNA sequencing based on even distribution of development (n = 24) or lack of (n = 24) clinical BRD within 28 days following arrival; cattle which developed BRD were further stratified into BRD severity cohorts based on frequency of antimicrobial treatment: treated once (treated_1) or treated twice or more and/or died (treated_2+).

Genes and regulatory mechanisms associated with experimentally-induced bovine respiratory disease identified using supervised machine learning methodology.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a multifactorial disease involving complex host immune interactions shaped by pathogenic agents and environmental factors. Advancements in RNA sequencing and associated analytical methods are improving our understanding of host response related to BRD pathophysiology. Supervised machine learning (ML) approaches present one such method for analyzing new and previously published transcriptome data to identify novel disease-associated genes and mechanisms.

Comprehensive at-arrival transcriptomic analysis of post-weaned beef cattle uncovers type I interferon and antiviral mechanisms associated with bovine respiratory disease mortality.

Background: Despite decades of extensive research, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) remains the most devastating disease in beef cattle production. Establishing a clinical diagnosis often relies upon visual detection of non-specific signs, leading to low diagnostic accuracy. Thus, post-weaned beef cattle are often metaphylactically administered antimicrobials at facility arrival, which poses concerns regarding antimicrobial stewardship and resistance.

Whole blood transcriptomic analysis of beef cattle at arrival identifies potential predictive molecules and mechanisms that indicate animals that naturally resist bovine respiratory disease.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a multifactorial disease complex and the leading infectious disease in post-weaned beef cattle. Clinical manifestations of BRD are recognized in beef calves within a high-risk setting, commonly associated with weaning, shipping, and novel feeding and housing environments. However, the understanding of complex host immune interactions and genomic mechanisms involved in BRD susceptibility remain elusive.

Identification of Langerhans-like cells in the immunocompetent tissues of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most powerful antigen presenting cells (APCs) that have a critical role in bridging innate and adaptive immune responses in vertebrates. Dendritic cells have been characterized morphologically and functionally in the teleost fish models such as rainbow trout, salmonids, medaka, and zebrafish. The presence of DCs with remarkable similarities to human Langerhans cells (LCs) has been described in the spleen and anterior kidney of salmonids and rainbow trout.