The acute effects of motor cortex transcranial direct current stimulation on athletic performance in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses independently the acute effects of anodal and cathodal motor cortex transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on athletic performance in healthy adults. Besides, it evaluates the unique and conjoint effects of potential moderators (i.e.

Distinct distribution patterns of exercise-induced natural killer cell mobilization into the circulation and tumor tissue of patients with prostate cancer.

The mobilization and activation of natural killer (NK) cells have been proposed as key mechanisms promoting anti-oncogenic effects of physical exercise. Although mouse models have proven that physical exercise recruits NK cells to tumor tissue and inhibits tumor growth, this preclinical finding has not been transferred to the clinical setting yet. In this first-in-human study, we found that physical exercise mobilizes and redistributes NK cells, especially those with a cytotoxic phenotype, in line with preclinical models.

Exercise reduces systemic immune inflammation index (SII) in childhood cancer patients.

While exercise and physical activity have been suggested to reduce mortality and symptoms in cancer, knowledge on these associations in patients with childhood cancer (CCPs) is sparse. Anti-inflammatory properties of exercise might mediate these beneficial effects. We investigated the influence of exercise on the inflammation markers neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and systemic-immune-inflammation index (SII) and associations to patient-reported-outcomes in CCPs in a randomized-controlled trial.

The effect of exercise on regulatory T cells: A systematic review of human and animal studies with future perspectives and methodological recommendations.

Many of the exercise-related health-promoting effects are attributed to beneficial immunomodulation. The restoration of immune homeostasis is context-dependent, meaning either to increase anti-inflammatory signaling to counteract disease progression of non-communicable (auto)inflammatory diseases or to enhance (local) activity of proinflammatory immune cells to slow down or inhibit cancer progression. Regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs) represent the main regulatory component of the adaptive immune system that fine-tunes inflammatory responses, keeps them in check and prevents long-lasting autoimmunity.