Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients With Cancer and Infection by Hepatitis B or C Virus: A Perspective Through the Results of a European Survey.

Introduction: Patients with cancer and hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are underrepresented in several clinical trials testing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Consequently, safety and efficacy of ICI therapy in this population have not been completely defined. We aimed to evaluate the attitudes of oncologists on this topic.

Exercise in lung Cancer, the healthcare providers opinion (E.C.H.O.): Results of the EORTC lung cancer Group (LCG) survey.

Objectives: Exercise has been reported to alleviate disease as well as treatment impact in patients with lung cancer. Nevertheless, there is limited information available regarding the perception of lung cancer dedicated healthcare professionals' and their advice on exercise.

Materials And Methods: An online survey exploring healthcare professionals' practice patterns, perceptions, barriers, and facilitators of exercise in patients with lung cancer was conducted within members of the EORTC Lung Cancer Group (LCG).

Altered splicing of ATG16-L1 mediates acquired resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors of EGFR by blocking autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer.

Despite the initial efficacy of using tyrosine kinase inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR-TKIs) for treating patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), resistance inevitably develops. Recent studies highlight a link between alternative splicing and cancer drug response. Therefore, we aimed to identify deregulated splicing events that play a role in resistance to EGFR-TKI.

Detection of acquired TERT amplification in addition to predisposing p53 and Rb pathways alterations in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinomas transformed into small-cell lung cancers.

Introduction: Among the different mechanisms of acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) reported in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma (EGFR-LUAD) patients, histological transformation into small cell carcinoma (SCLC) occurs in 3-14% of resistant cases, regardless of the generation of EGFR-TKI. In recent studies, bi-allelic inactivation of TP53 and RB1 has been identified in a vast majority of transformed SCLCs. However, the molecular mechanisms driving this histologic transformation remain largely unknown, mainly due to the rarity of samples.

Machine Learning-Based Analysis of Treatment Sequences Typology in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Long-Term Survivors Treated With Nivolumab.

Purpose: Immune checkpoint inhibitors substantially changed advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) management and can lead to long-term survival. The aims of this study were (1) to use a machine learning method to establish a typology of treatment sequences on patients with aNSCLC who were alive 2 years after initiating a treatment with anti-programmed death-ligand 1 monoclonal antibody nivolumab and (2) to describe the patients' characteristics according to the typology of treatment sequences.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective observational study was based on data from the comprehensive French hospital discharge database for all patients with lung cancer with at least one line of platinum-based chemotherapy, starting nivolumab between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2016, and alive 2 years after nivolumab treatment initiation.

Survival of clinical stage III NSCLC according to therapeutic strategy: Relevance of the tumor board decision in the era of immunotherapy.

Introduction: Stage III NSCLC comprises a heterogeneous population. Different treatment strategies are available, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The PACIFIC trial results represented a significant change and improvement in the therapeutic strategy for these patients.

Discontinuation of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) above 18 months of treatment in real-life patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): INTEPI, a multicentric retrospective study.

Background: The optimal treatment duration of ICIs for patients with advanced NSCLC remains uncertain. In phase 3 clinical trials, treatment continued for 2 years or until disease progression with similar long-term survival rates. Real-life data are missing.

Epidemiology of oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer: results from a systematic review and pooled analysis.

Background: To describe the incidence and the clinical characteristics of oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Oligometastatic NSCLC is gaining recognition as a clinical condition with a different prognosis compared to multi metastatic disease. Usually, four different scenarios of oligometastatic disease can be described but not epidemiological data are available.

Identification of a predictive metabolic signature of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer: METABO-ICI clinical study protocol.

Background: Immune checkpoints inhibitors (ICI) are becoming new standards of care for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), both as first (alone or in association with chemotherapy) and second line. However, no powerful predictive biomarker of therapeutic response to ICI has been found to date. It has been recently shown that microbiota composition could influence the ability of patients to respond to ICI.

Nivolumab treatment in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: real-world long-term outcomes within overall and special populations (the UNIVOC study).

Objective: To describe long-term outcomes of patients treated with nivolumab for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) in everyday clinical practice in France, with a focus on patients aged ⩾80 years, patients with renal impairment and patients with brain metastases.

Methods: The study included all patients with aNSCLC recorded in the French national hospital database, starting nivolumab in 2015-2016 and followed until December 2018. Patients were stratified by age, the presence of renal impairment and brain metastasis, as documented in the hospital discharge summaries.

Factors associated with survival of patients with solid Cancer alive after intensive care unit discharge between 2005 and 2013.

Background: At intensive care unit (ICU) admission, the issue about prognosis of critically ill cancer patients is of clinical interest, especially after ICU discharge. Our objective was to assess the factors associated with 3- and 6-month survival of ICU cancer survivors.

Methods: Based on the French OutcomeRea™ database, we included solid cancer patients discharged alive, between December 2005 and November 2013, from the medical ICU of the university hospital in Grenoble, France.

Advances and Therapeutic Perspectives in Extended-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Extended small cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC) is a very aggressive disease, characterized by rapid growth and an early tendency to relapse. In contrast to non-small cell lung cancer, no therapeutic innovation has improved survival in patients with ED-SCLC over the past 20 years. Recently, immunotherapy has shown an important role in the management of these patients, emerging as the treatment of first choice in combination with chemotherapy and completely changing the therapeutic paradigm.

Implementing ctDNA Analysis in the Clinic: Challenges and Opportunities in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Tumor genomic profiling has a dramatic impact on the selection of targeted treatment and for the identification of resistance mechanisms at the time of progression. Solid tissue biopsies are sometimes challenging, and liquid biopsies are used as a non-invasive alternative when tissue is limiting. The clinical relevance of tumor genotyping through analysis of ctDNA is now widely recognized at all steps of the clinical evaluation process in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Literature meta-analysis about the efficacy of re-challenge with PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in cancer patients.

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICPis) re-challenge could be an attractive therapeutic option considering its good safety profile. However, little data is available regarding anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 retreatment. We conducted a meta-analysis focusing on outcomes of solid cancer patients performing this strategy.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Rechallenge Efficacy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICPi) rechallenge could represent an attractive option in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet no sufficient data supporting this strategy are available. This retrospective observational multicenter national study explored the efficacy of anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) rechallenge in advanced NSCLC patients, looking for potential clinical features associated with greater outcomes.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively collected data from 144 advanced NSCLC patients whose disease was rechallenged with ICPis after ≥ 12 weeks of discontinuation.

[Immunotherapy of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer from first line to resistance and its management].

Immunotherapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy is now an integral part of the treatment of metastatic NSCLC. This treatment is transforming the management of these cancers, with 20-30% of patients achieving long survival. However, disease progression under treatment is still the rule for the majority of patients, raising problems both in understanding its mechanisms and in subsequent appropriate management.

Immunotherapy rechallenge after nivolumab treatment in advanced non-small cell lung cancer in the real-world setting: A national data base analysis.

Objectives: Nivolumab is now a reference treatment for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after failure of prior platinum-based chemotherapy. Little data are available on treatment approaches following discontinuation of nivolumab and on the interest of a second course of immunotherapy after nivolumab discontinuation. The aims of this study were to describe treatment pathways following nivolumab discontinuation and to describe survival following retreatment with immunotherapy.

Translating Systems Medicine Into Clinical Practice: Examples From Pulmonary Medicine With Genetic Disorders, Infections, Inflammations, Cancer Genesis, and Treatment Implication of Molecular Alterations in Non-small-cell Lung Cancers and Personalized Medicine.

Non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC) represent 85% of all lung cancers, with adenocarcinoma as the most common subtype. Since the 2000's, the discovery of molecular alterations including epidermal growth factor receptor () mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase () rearrangements together with the development of specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has facilitated the development of personalized medicine in the management of this disease. This review focuses on the biology of molecular alterations in NSCLC as well as the diagnostic tools and therapeutic alternatives available for each targetable alteration.

EORTC Lung Cancer Group survey on the definition of NSCLC synchronous oligometastatic disease.

Background: Synchronous oligometastatic disease (sOM) has been described as a distinct disease entity; however, there is no consensus on OM definition (OM-d) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A consensus group was formed aiming to agree on a common OM-d that could be used in future clinical trials. A European survey was circulated to generate questions and input for the consensus group meeting.

Defining oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer: A simulated multidisciplinary expert opinion.

Introduction: Synchronous oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) definition varies from 1 metastasis in 1 organ (tumour-node-metastasis 8 [TNM8]), 1-3 metastases (European Society for Medical Oncology [ESMO]), ≤3 metastases (including mediastinal nodes [MLN]) after systemic treatment to 3-5 metastases in ongoing trials. A single definition is however needed to design/compare trials. To assess oligometastatic NSCLC definitions used by clinical experts in daily practice and its evolution, we redistributed a 2012 case-based survey (Dooms, the World Congress of Lung Cancer 2013).

Definition of Synchronous Oligometastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer-A Consensus Report.

Introduction: Improved outcome has been shown in patients with synchronous oligometastatic (sOM) NSCLC when treated with radical intent. As a uniform definition of sOM NSCLC is lacking, we developed a definition and diagnostic criteria by a consensus process.

Methods: A pan-European multidisciplinary consensus group was established.

Defining Synchronous Oligometastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Synchronous oligometastatic (sOM) disease is an oncological concept characterized by a limited cancer burden. Patients with oligometastasis could potentially benefit from local radical treatments. Despite the fact that the sOM condition is well recognized, a universal definition, including a specific definition for NSCLC, is not yet available.

Trends in response rate and survival in small-cell lung cancer patients between 1997 and 2017.

Introduction: Median survival of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients is usually around 1 year. The advent of new drugs may have slightly improved their prognosis. We aimed to assess whether SCLC response to chemotherapy and survival had changed over time.