Diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient values for evaluating terminal ileitis in patients with Crohn's disease.

Objective: To determine the accuracy of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in identifying terminal ileitis in patients with Crohn's disease.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective study of 38 consecutive patients with Crohn's disease who underwent magnetic resonance enterography with DWI in a 3.0 T scanner.

Effects of the addition of quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient data on the diagnostic performance of the PI-RADS v2 scoring system to detect clinically significant prostate cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of the addition of quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) data into the diagnostic performance of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2 (PI-RADSv2) scoring system to predict clinically significant prostate cancer (CSPCa).

Methods: We retrospectively included 91 consecutive patients who underwent prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) and histopathological evaluation. Mp-MRI images were reported by the PI-RADSv2 scoring system and patients were divided into groups considering the likelihood of CSPCa.

Pulmonary Acinus: Understanding the Computed Tomography Findings from an Acinar Perspective.

The lung acinus is the most distal portion of the airway responsible for the gas exchange. The normal acini are not visible on conventional computed tomography (CT), but the advent of micro-CT improved the understanding of the microarchitecture of healthy acini. The comprehension of the acinar architecture is pivotal for the understanding of CT findings of diseases that involve the acini.

Ultra-low-dose chest computed tomography without anesthesia in the assessment of pediatric pulmonary diseases.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of using ultra-low-dose computed tomography of the chest with iterative reconstruction without anesthesia for assessment of pulmonary diseases in children.

Methods: This prospective study enrolled 86 consecutive pediatric patients (ranging from 1 month to 18 years) that underwent ultra-low-dose computed tomography due to suspicion of pulmonary diseases, without anesthesia and contrast. Parameters used were: 80kVp; 15-30mA; acquisition time, 0.

How useful is ultrasound guidance for internal jugular venous access in children?

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether US reduces number of puncture attempts, procedure time, and complication rate during IJV access in children.

Methods: A prospective study was performed in children (age ≤18years) admitted to our institution, from September 2013 to July 2014, with indications for central venous access. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were randomized to the US-guided or control groups.

Quantification of Abdominal Fat in Obese and Healthy Adolescents Using 3 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Free Software for Image Analysis.

Background And Aims: Computed tomography, which uses ionizing radiation and expensive software packages for analysis of scans, can be used to quantify abdominal fat. The objective of this study is to measure abdominal fat with 3T MRI using free software for image analysis and to correlate these findings with anthropometric and laboratory parameters in adolescents.

Methods: This prospective observational study included 24 overweight/obese and 33 healthy adolescents (mean age 16.

Pilot Mechanistic Study of Insulin Modulation of Somatotrophic Hormones, Inflammation, and Lipid Metabolism During Critical Illness in Children.

Objectives: To evaluate the mechanism of insulin modulation on somatotrophic response, inflammation, and lipid metabolism in critically ill children.

Design: Open-label randomized mechanistic study.

Setting: Two-center, tertiary PICU study.

MRI of the knees in asymptomatic adolescent soccer players: A case-control study.

Purpose: To determine the range of asymptomatic abnormal findings in adolescent soccer players at 3.0T MRI of the knee.

Materials And Methods: In all, 87 knees of asymptomatic 14-17-year-old male adolescents were evaluated at 3T, using a standardized examination protocol comprising four sequences: two fat-suppressed T -weighted fast spin-echo sequences (T FSE), in the sagittal (repetition time / echo time [TR/TE], 5.

An Imaging Diagnostic Protocol in Children with Clinically Suspected Acute Appendicitis.

The objective of the present study is to evaluate a new diagnostic strategy using clinical findings followed by ultrasound (US) and, in selected cases, MRI. This study included 166 children presenting signs and symptoms suggesting acute appendicitis. Cases classified as suggesting appendicitis according to clinical exams had to be referred to surgery, whereas the other cases were discharged.

Validation of PI-RADS v.2 for prostate cancer diagnosis with MRI at 3T using an external phased-array coil.

Purpose: To date, few studies have validated the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Version 2 (PI-RADS v. 2) for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Our aim was to validate PI-RADS v.

Accuracy of computer-aided ultrasound as compared with magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese and eutrophic adolescents.

Objective: To compare the accuracy of computer-aided ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by means of hepatorenal gradient analysis in the evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adolescents.

Materials And Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study evaluated 50 adolescents (aged 11-17 years), including 24 obese and 26 eutrophic individuals. All adolescents underwent computer-aided US, MRI, laboratory tests, and anthropometric evaluation.

Ultrasound Evaluation of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Children.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the association with automated US measurements of carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) with anthropometric, laboratory data and ultrasonographic measurements of fat, in order to identify potential markers that could be used to prevent the development and progression of cardiovascular pathology in adolescents.

Method: Forty-five patients aged 10 to 17 years were enrolled in this study. Blood samples and anthropometric measurements were obtained from all subjects.

MRI-diagnosed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is correlated to insulin resistance in adolescents.

Rationale And Objectives: To evaluate the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in eutrophic and obese adolescents with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and its relationship to insulin resistance and other potential biomarkers.

Materials And Methods: A total of 50 adolescents (aged 11-17 years), including 24 obese and 26 eutrophic adolescents, were evaluated using MRI exams for NAFLD diagnosis. Blood analysis was performed to measure glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, fibrinogen, aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-gt, and C-reactive protein.

Mature testicular teratoma in children: multifaceted tumors on ultrasound.

Objective: To describe the different ultrasound (US) findings of mature testicular hamartomas in children.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective study from January 2000 to July 2012 that reviewed the clinical, laboratory, and US findings of 7 children with a pathologic diagnosis of mature teratoma of the testis. All patients in the study received surgery (tumorectomy or orchiectomy), and the material was examined by the institution's Pathology Department.

Cow's milk allergy: color Doppler ultrasound findings in infants with hematochezia.

Objective: ultrasound (US) has been an important diagnostic tool to identify several causes of gastrointestinal bleeding. Infants with cow's milk allergy (CMA) may present hematochezia and the confirmation of the diagnosis can be difficult. The aim of this study is to describe grayscale and color Doppler ultrasound findings in patients with CMA.

A low cost method of digitizing radiographs using a photo light box.

We evaluated a low cost device for digitizing X-ray films. It consisted of a locally-made wooden box and a readily-available digital camera. Two experienced paediatric radiologists interpreted the original X-ray films (the reference standard) and the corresponding images obtained in the photo light box.

Cerebral ultrasound findings in infants exposed to crack cocaine during gestation.

Background: Prenatal exposure to cocaine has been associated with a wide spectrum of structural abnormalities in infant brains. The growing use of crack, a smokable and extremely addictive form of cocaine, could exacerbate the situation.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency, type and severity of cerebral lesions detected by transfontanellar US in newborns exposed to crack during gestation.

Doppler US measurement of the superior mesenteric artery blood flow in children and adolescents.

Background: Blood flow volume in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) measured by pulsed Doppler has been used in adults to evaluate Crohn disease but has not been utilized in children and adolescents.

Objective: To establish a cutoff point for normal SMA blood flow using pulsed Doppler US measurement in healthy children and adolescents.

Materials And Methods: The study included healthy volunteers from an urban community, divided into two age groups, children (5-9 years) and adolescents (10-17 years).

Three-dimensional measurements of the lower extremity in children and adolescents using a low-dose biplanar X-ray device.

Objective: To evaluate three-dimensional (3D) measurements of the lower extremity using a biplanar low-dose X-ray device in children and adolescents.

Methods: Firstly, 3D measurements of eight dried bones were analysed by a biplanar low-dose X-ray device (LDX) using stereoscopic software and compared with 3D computed tomography (CT). Secondly, 47 lower limbs of children and adolescents were studied using LDX two-dimensional (2D) and 3D measurements.

Surfactant deficiency in transient tachypnea of the newborn.

Objective: To evaluate surfactant production and function in term neonates with transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN).

Study Design: Samples of gastric aspirates collected within 30 minutes of birth from 42 term newborns with gestational age ≥ 37 weeks (21 patients with TTN and 21 control subjects), delivered via elective cesarean delivery, were analyzed with lamellar body count and stable microbubble test.

Results: Results of lamellar body counts and stable microbubble tests were significantly lower in the TTN group than in control subjects (P = .

Gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasound findings in children with cow's milk allergy.

Objective: The objective of our study was to evaluate whether gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasound can reveal intestinal inflammation in infants with cow's milk allergy (CMA).

Subjects And Methods: This study evaluated the clinical findings and grayscale and color Doppler sonograms of 34 infants. Seventeen 0- to 6-month-old infants with suspected CMA and 17 nonsymptomatic age-matched infants were evaluated by a blinded investigator who determined the percentage of vessel density and the thickness of different parts of the bowel.