Effects of Acute Phase Intensive Exercise Training in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure.

Background: Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) leads to hospitalizations and functional decline in older adults. Although cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is effective for stable heart failure, its impact on ADHF patients, particularly those without frailty, is unclear.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of early in-hospital CR for patients hospitalized with ADHF who are not frail.

Oral Frailty and Its Relationship with Physical Frailty in Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study Using the Oral Frailty Five-Item Checklist.

Background/objectives: Oral frailty, first identified in Japan in 2014, refers to a state between healthy oral function and severe decline, marked by minor issues, such as tooth loss and chewing difficulties. The oral frailty five-item checklist (OF-5) enables non-dental professionals to evaluate oral frailty using five key indicators: remaining teeth count, chewing difficulties, swallowing difficulties, dry mouth, and articulatory oral skills. Limited studies exist.

tomoseqr: A Bioconductor package for spatial reconstruction and visualization of 3D gene expression patterns based on RNA tomography.

RNA tomography computationally reconstructs 3D spatial gene expression patterns genome-widely from 1D tomo-seq data, generated by RNA sequencing of cryosection samples along three orthogonal axes. We developed tomoseqr, an R package designed for RNA tomography analysis of tomo-seq data, to reconstruct and visualize 3D gene expression patterns through user-friendly graphical interfaces. We show the effectiveness of tomoseqr using simulated and real tomo-seq data, validating its utility for researchers.

Association between frailty and subjective and objective sleep indicators in Japanese community-dwelling older adults.

Studies have linked frailty to sleep duration and/or quality using questionnaire-based subjective sleep assessments. This study clarified the relationship between frailty status and subjective and objective sleep indicators among community-dwelling older adults in a rural Japanese area. This cross-sectional cohort study analyzed the data of older adult participants in the FESTA Study, assessing subjective and objective sleep indicators using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and an actigraph, respectively.

Artificial intelligence-based personalized survival prediction using clinical and radiomics features in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Multiple first-line treatment options have been developed for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in each subgroup determined by predictive biomarkers, specifically driver oncogene and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) status. However, the methodology for optimal treatment selection in individual patients is not established. This study aimed to develop artificial intelligence (AI)-based personalized survival prediction model according to treatment selection.

Long-Term Response of Lorlatinib to Leptomeningeal Metastasis in Patients with Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Fusion Positive Non-Small Lung Cancer: A Case Report.

Introduction: Patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are at increased risk of central nervous system (CNS) metastasis at initial diagnosis and throughout treatment. In a phase 3 trial, lorlatinib, a third-generation ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor, significantly improved progression-free survival. In further analysis, lorlatinib revealed superior intracranial efficacy and prolonged time to intracranial progression compared with crizotinib.

Developing a brief older adults' physical activity questionnaire.

Aim: This study aimed to develop and evaluate the Brief Older Adults' Physical Activity Questionnaire (BOPAQ), which was designed to quickly assess moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: We used a cross-sectional study design involving 165 older participants. The BOPAQ calculated weekly MVPA duration based on two questions regarding the number of days per week engaged in MVPA and the daily duration of activity.

Impact of the quantity and quality of erector spinae muscles on the short-term prognosis of elderly patients with aspiration pneumonia in Japan.

Background: Whether muscle mass and muscle quality affect the prognosis of elderly patients with aspiration pneumonia is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between erector spinae muscle mass and muscle quality on the 30-day prognosis of elderly patients with aspiration pneumonia.

Methods: Two hundred fifty-eight patients who were diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia and admitted to Sanuki Municipal Hospital for pulmonary rehabilitation intervention were included.

Efficacy of chemotherapy plus immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who have rare oncogenic driver mutations: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Targeted therapy is now the standard of care in driver-oncogene-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Its initial clinical effects are remarkable. However, almost all patients experience treatment resistance to targeted therapy.

The incidence of drug-induced interstitial lung disease caused by epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors or immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with non-small cell lung cancer in presence and absence of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors: a systematic review.

Unlabelled: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) or pneumonitis caused by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) or immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is a major concern in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Whether the addition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors can reduce the incidence of drug-induced ILD remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review to assess the incidence of ILD induced by EGFR-TKIs or ICIs in the presence or absence of VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors in relevant randomized trials between January 2009 and October 2023.

Association between Bone Quality and Physical Activity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Bone quality is an essential factor determining bone strength. However, the relationship between physical activity (PA) and bone quality remains unclear. This study aimed to ascertain the relationship between bone quality and PA using a cortical bone quantitative ultrasound device that measures components of bone quality.

Serum Creatinine-Cystatin C Based Screening of Sarcopenia in Community Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Objectives: To compare the discriminative capabilities for the manifestation of sarcopenia or physical frailty between serum creatinine- and cystatin C-derived indices among community-dwelling older adults.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Primary Care and Community.

Efficacy and safety of second-line therapy of docetaxel plus ramucirumab after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy plus immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer (SCORPION): a multicenter, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) plus platinum-based chemotherapy has been recognized as a standard first-line therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, no prospective clinical trials of docetaxel (DTX) plus ramucirumab (RAM) following first-line ICI plus platinum-based chemotherapy has been reported.

Methods: In this multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial, we enrolled patients with NSCLC from eight centres in Japan. Patients with metastatic NSCLC with disease progression after platinum-based chemotherapy plus ICI were eligible for the study.

The Association of Short Physical Performance Battery With Mortality and Hospitalization in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis.

Objective: The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) is recommended for evaluating physical performance in patients on hemodialysis (HD). However, the association between SPPB score and long-term health outcomes in these patients remains unclear. We examined the association of SPPB score with all-cause mortality, all-cause hospitalization, and cardiovascular hospitalization in patients on HD.

Decline of instrumental activities of daily living is a risk factor for nutritional deterioration in older adults: a prospective cohort study.

Background: The association between functional capacity and the subsequent risk of nutritional deterioration is yet to be understood. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between functional capacity, comprising instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), intellectual activity, and social function, and future decline in nutritional status.

Methods: The current study is a two-year prospective cohort study.

Association Between Timed Up-and-Go Test and Future Changes in the Frailty Status in a Longitudinal Study of Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between timed up-and-go (TUG) test time and changes in frailty status in a longitudinal cohort study of rural Japanese older adults.

Patients And Methods: This prospective cohort study included 545 community-dwelling older adults. Initial and 2-year follow-up surveys were conducted.

Intramuscular and abdominal fat measured by computed tomography and mortality of hemodialysis patients.

Background: In hemodialysis patients, high body mass index is associated with low mortality while abdominal obesity relates to increased mortality. We aimed to investigate the association between muscle mass, intramuscular fat and abdominal fat measured by abdominal computed tomography (CT), and mortality in this patients population.

Methods: This two-center retrospective cohort study included hemodialysis patients who underwent abdominal CT between January 2013 and December 2018.

Heart Failure Management Capability and Exacerbation of Heart Failure - A 6-Month Prospective Cohort Study.

In households with older individuals, where a patient is experiencing heart failure (HF), effective cooperation between patients and caregivers is crucial for disease management. However, there is limited evidence regarding the impact of cooperative HF management on the incidence of exacerbation. Therefore, the aim of this 6-month prospective cohort study was to investigate the association between HF management capability and exacerbations.

Relationship Between Physical Activity and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Cross-sectional Study Analyzing Isotemporal Substitution Model.

Objectives: Successful renal transplantation reduces mortality rates. However, the decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after transplantation is strongly associated with premature mortality in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). Physical activity (PA) is a modifiable lifestyle factor with the potential to maintain or improve eGFR.