Knowledge and Awareness of Cancer Genome Profiling Tests among Japanese Patients with Cancer.

(1) Background: The number of patients with cancer undergoing cancer genome profiling is increasing; however, it remains unclear how accurately they understand the details of the tests and treatments. This study aimed to clarify the awareness of cancer genome profiling tests among patients with cancer who visited cancer genome medical clinics. (2) Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted on awareness, anxiety, sources of information, and psychological states concerning cancer genome profiling tests.

Diagnostic accuracy and added value of dynamic chest radiography in detecting pulmonary embolism: A retrospective study.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of dynamic chest radiography (DCR) and investigate its added value to chest radiography (CR) in detecting pulmonary embolism (PE).

Methods: Of 775 patients who underwent CR and DCR in our hospital between June 2020 and August 2022, individuals who also underwent contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) of the chest within 72 h were included in this study. PE or non-PE diagnosis was confirmed by CECT and the subsequent clinical course.

Mutation spectra of the BRCA1/2 genes in human breast and ovarian cancer and germline.

Annotating genomic sequence alterations is sometimes a difficult decision, particularly in missense variants with uncertain pathogenic significance and also in those presumed as germline pathogenic variants. We here suggest that mutation spectrum may also be useful for judging them. From the public databases, 982 BRCA1/1861 BRCA2 germline missense variants and 294 BRCA1/420 BRCA2 somatic missense variants were obtained.

Current situation of management of spontaneous pneumothorax in Japan: A cross-sectional cohort study.

Background: Limited epidemiological information is available on spontaneous pneumothorax. To address this gap, the Japan Society for Pneumothorax and Cystic Lung Disease (JSPCLD) conducted a nationwide retrospective survey to investigate the current epidemiology of spontaneous pneumothorax in Japan.

Methods: In this study, we conducted a retrospective cross-sectional cohort study to demonstrate the clinical features of spontaneous pneumothorax in one year from April 2019 to March 2020, compare patient characteristics and treatment outcomes between primary (PSP) and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP), and investigate the risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality among patients with SSP.

[A Case of Perforated Rectal Cancer with Laparoscopic Low Anterior Resection].

We report a case of perforated rectal cancer with laparoscopic low anterior resection. Case: A 60-year-old man was transported to the hospital with a chief complaint of sudden lower abdominal pain. Computed tomography revealed wall thickening of the upper rectum and free air localized around the rectum and fecal mass in the mesorectum.

[A Case of Robotic Abdominoperineal Resection for Rectal Cancer with Leriche Syndrome].

We report a case of robotic abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer with Leriche syndrome. Case: A 75-year-old male. Colonoscopy, which was performed due to persistent diarrhea, revealed type 2 lower rectal circumferential tumor.

[A Case of pagetoid Carcinoma of the Breast with Pathological Complete Response by Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy].

We herein report a 63-year-old woman who presented with about 20 mm-sized mass in the right breast and the right nipple with erosion. Preoperative examinations revealed a diagnosis of HER2-type pagetoid carcinoma with axillary lymph node metastasis. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy(pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and docetaxel, followed by adriamycin and cyclophosphamide), a pathological complete response was achieved.

Discriminative Ability of Dynamic Chest Radiography to Identify Left Ventricular Dysfunction.

Background: Dynamic chest radiography (DCR) produces sequential radiographs within a short examination time. It is also inexpensive and only uses a low dose of radiation. Because of the lack of reports of evaluating cardiac function using DCR in humans, we investigated its discriminative ability for left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in a study cohort.

Evaluation of circulating miR-216a and miR-217 as biomarkers of pancreatic damage in the L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis mouse model.

We investigated the usefulness of circulating miR-216a-5p and miR-217-5p that are pancreas-enriched micro RNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers of acute pancreatic damage, and compared them with conventional pancreatic biomarkers in L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis mouse model. As the results, amylase and lipase levels apparently increased and peaked on Day 3 when acute pancreatitis including acinar cell degeneration/necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration reached its peak. In contrast, miR-216a-5p and miR-217-5p increased from Day 1 when histopathological findings in the acinar cells were limited to decreased zymogen granules, and the increases in ratios were much higher than those of amylase and lipase.

Differential treatment responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in a case of multiple primary malignancies: the programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) negative ureteral and lung metastasis from a clear cell renal cell carcinoma appearing after robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy progressed after ICI therapy, while synchronous PD-L1-positive primary lung squamous cell carcinoma responded very well to ICI therapy: a case report.

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are representative malignancies that respond well to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Research has been conducted to identify biomarkers, such as programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), that would allow the response to ICI therapy to be predicted; however, the complex tumor immune system consisting of both host and tumor factors may also exert an influence.

Case Presentation: Computed tomographic imaging (CT) incidentally revealed a left renal mass, and a left pulmonary nodule with multiple lymph node metastases (LNMs).

[A Case of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Treated Successfully with TNT].

Local control is important in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC). In Western countries, the standard therapy for LARC is preoperative chemoradiotherapy(CRT)followed by total mesorectal excision. Recently, addition of intensive chemotherapy to CRT known as total neoadjuvant therapy(TNT)is increasing.

[A Case of Successful Collective Treatment of Rectal Cancer Diagnosed by Liver Abscess].

A 67-year-old woman was found to have multiple liver abscess and pneumonia. Liver abscess was improved after percutaneous transhepatic abscess drainage(PTAD). A diagnosis of rectal cancer was made by colonoscopy and the patient underwent colostomy for rectal cancer on February 2018.

[A Case in Which a Laparotomy Transition, in a Patient with Sigmoid Colon Cancer, Prevented Peritoneal Metastasis from Being Missed].

We report a case of laparoscopic sigmoidectomy for sigmoid colon cancer where a laparotomy transition prevented peritoneal metastasis from being missed. Case: A 64-year-old woman was diagnosed with sigmoid colon cancer. Computed tomography revealed a large bowel obstruction and a 12 mm wide basal bulge in the gallbladder.

[A Case of Rectal Cancer with Bladder Invasion Performed with Robot-Assisted Low Anterior Resection after TNT].

A 73-year-old woman was admitted with a chief complaint of weight loss. Colonoscopy revealed rectal cancer. After the placement of a colonic stent, the patient was referred to our department.

A phase II study of S-1 and cisplatin with concurrent thoracic radiotherapy followed by durvalumab for unresectable, locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in Japan (SAMURAI study): primary analysis.

Background: The standard of care for unresectable, locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) is chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by durvalumab, based on the PACIFIC study. Although multiple Japanese phase II studies have shown high efficacy and tolerability of CRT with cisplatin plus S-1 (SP), no prospective study using durvalumab after SP-based CRT has been reported.

Objectives: We conducted a multicenter phase II study of this approach, the interim analysis of which showed a high transition rate to durvalumab consolidation therapy.

A retrospective multi-institutional survey of characteristics of surgically treated spontaneous hemopneumothorax patients.

Objective: The Japan Society for Pneumothorax and Cystic Lung Disease conducted a nationwide retrospective survey to identify correlations between the timing of surgical intervention and the incidence of transfusion, and to examine the factors contributing to the need for transfusion among clinical features in surgically treated spontaneous hemopneumothorax (SHP) patients.

Methods: We analyzed the characteristics and perioperative results of patients with SHP who underwent thoracoscopy or thoracotomy between April 2009 and March 2019.

Results: From 17 institutions, 171 cases were enrolled in this study.

Positive Intrapleural Pressure with Carbon Dioxide May Limit Intraoperative Pulmonary Arterial Bleeding: Verification by Animal Model.

Purpose: Intraoperative complications, especially unexpected bleeding, are of great concern in the safety of thoracoscopic surgery. We investigated the hemostatic efficacy and safety of positive intrapleural pressure (PIP) with carbon dioxide insufflation by assessing the amount of blood loss in a pulmonary arterial hemorrhage model.

Methods: An ex vivo experimental model of saline flow into a swine vessel was created in a container simulating a chest cavity.

Development of an artificial portal vein using bioabsorbable polymers.

Purpose: During surgical resection of malignant tumors in the hepatobiliary pancreatic region, portal vein resection and reconstruction may be needed. However, there is no alternative to the portal vein. We therefore developed an artificial portal vein that could be used in the abdominal cavity.

Bladder metastasis with additional metastases in multiple other organs 4 years after radical nephrectomy for clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Renal cell carcinoma rarely metastasizes to the bladder, and its biological behavior is not yet fully understood.

Case Presentation: In our case (54-year-old Japanese woman), computed tomography evaluation suggested the presence of a bladder metastasis, associated with additional metastases in the lungs, mediastinal lymph nodes, ribs, and renal bed, 4 years after radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. The histological findings of the metastatic bladder tumor were consistent with those of clear cell carcinoma.