Phase 2 Trial of Veliparib, Local Irradiation and Temozolomide in Patients with Newly Diagnosed High-Grade Glioma: A Children's Oncology Group Study.

Background: The outcome for pediatric patients with high-grade glioma (HGG) remains poor. Veliparib, a potent oral poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) 1/2 inhibitor, enhances the activity of radiotherapy and DNA-damaging chemotherapy.

Methods: We conducted a single-arm, non-randomized phase 2 clinical trial to determine whether treatment with veliparib and radiotherapy, followed by veliparib and temozolomide, improves progression-free survival in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed HGG without H3 K27M or BRAF mutations compared to patient level data from historical cohorts with closely matching clinical and molecular features.

Neonatal subpial hemorrhage along the medial side of the temporal lobe: Two case reports.

Neonatal subpial hemorrhage has been underrecognized until recently and its pathophysiology remains unclear. Advances in magnetic resonance imaging have facilitated the identification of hemorrhage within the subpial space and cohort studies recently reported its imaging and clinical features. We encountered two cases of neonatal subpial hemorrhage along the medial side of the temporal lobe.

Sensitive detection of GATA1 mutations using complementary DNA-based analysis for transient abnormal myelopoiesis associated with the Down syndrome.

Introduction: GATA1 mutation plays an important role in initiating transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) and in the clonal evolution towards acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia (AMKL) associated with Down syndrome (DS). This study aimed to develop and validate the clinical utility of a complementary DNA (cDNA) analysis in parallel with the conventional genomic DNA (gDNA) Sanger sequencing (Ss), as an initial screening test for GATA1 mutations.

Methods: GATA1 mutations were evaluated using both gDNA and cDNA in 14 DS patients using Ss and fragment analysis (FA), respectively.

Multiple analysis of root exudates and microbiome in rice (Oryza sativa) under low P conditions.

Plants release various metabolites from roots and root exudates contribute to differences in stress tolerance among plant species. Plant and soil microbes have complex interactions that are affected by biotic and abiotic factors. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in metabolites in root exudates of rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars and their correlation with bacterial populations in the rhizosphere.

Synthesis of Recombinant Mouse Crystallin Proteins and in Vitro Measurement of Their Refractivity.

The eye lens is an organ that focuses light onto the retina and is reported to have a high refractive index in vertebrates. An analysis of refractivity was conducted using recombinant mouse Crystallin proteins produced in () compared with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and other commercially available proteins. Not only did we measure the refractivity but for one of the crystallins, Cryba1, we also confirmed that it responds uniquely to its environmental conditions.

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) as a Potential Therapeutic Target and a Noninvasive Biomarker of Liver Fibrosis Associated With Transient Myeloproliferative Disorder in Down Syndrome.

Liver fibrosis is one of the common complications of transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) in Down syndrome (DS), but the exact molecular pathogenesis is largely unknown. We herein report a neonate of DS with liver fibrosis associated with TMD, in which we performed the serial profibrogenic cytokines analyses. We found the active monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in the affected liver tissue and also found that both serum and urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 concentrations are noninvasive biomarkers of liver fibrosis.

Identification of Phosphoinositide-Binding Protein PATELLIN2 as a Substrate of Arabidopsis MPK4 MAP Kinase during Septum Formation in Cytokinesis.

The phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinases controls many cellular and physiological processes, which include intracellular signal transduction. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of such controls and numerous substrates of protein kinases remain to be characterized. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is of particular importance in a variety of extracellular and intracellular signaling processes.

Comparison of the mesophilic cellulosome-producing Clostridium cellulovorans genome with other cellulosome-related clostridial genomes.

Clostridium cellulovorans, an anaerobic and mesophilic bacterium, degrades native substrates in soft biomass such as corn fibre and rice straw efficiently by producing an extracellular enzyme complex called the cellulosome. Recently, we have reported the whole-genome sequence of C. cellulovorans comprising 4220 predicted genes in 5.

Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to image the three-dimensional (3D) structures of the proliferative membrane in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The case of a 51-year-old man with retinal detachment of the macula in his left eye is reported. The proliferative membrane covered the entire macular area.

Relationship between retinal vein occlusion and carotid artery lesions.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and carotid artery lesions.

Methods: For patients with RVO who presented to the Ophthalmology Department of Tokyo Medical University Hospital between 2000 and 2003, carotid artery evaluation was possible on 58 eyes of 57 patients aged 51 years to 88 years (mean, 70.1 years).

[Carotid ultrasonographic and brain computerized tomographic findings in patients with vascular ocular syndromes].

To clarify the characteristics of cerebrovascular lesions in subtypes of vascular ocular syndrome, including amaurosis fugax(AF), retinal artery occlusion(RAO), and retinal vein occlusion(RVO), 93 patients with vascular ocular syndrome were studied by means of carotid ultrasonography(US) and brain computerized tomography(CT). The subjects comprised 21 patients with AF, 37 with RAO, and 35 with RVO who were sequentially given these diagnoses by the department of ophthalmology. On the basis of US findings, carotid lesions were defined as the presence of plaque or stenotic changes.

The Caenorhabditis elegans ADAMTS family gene adt-1 is necessary for morphogenesis of the male copulatory organs.

Remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is pivotal for various biological processes, including organ morphology and development. The Caenorhabditis elegans male tail has male-specific copulatory organs, the rays and the fan. Ray morphogenesis, which involves a rapid remodeling of the ECM, is an important model of morphogenesis, although its mechanism is poorly understood.

Structure-specific inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein by azaphilones.

The effect of thirteen different fungal azaphilones, which have a common 6-iso-chromane-like ring, was tested on cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity in vitro. Chaetoviridin B showed the most potent inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of < 6.2 microM, followed by sclerotiorin with an IC50 value of 19.