A reproducibility study on invasion in small pulmonary adenocarcinoma according to the WHO and a modified classification, supported by biomarkers.

Objectives: Evaluating invasion in non-mucinous adenocarcinoma (NMA) of the lung is crucial for accurate pT-staging. This study compares the World Health Organization (WHO) with a recently modified NMA classification.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted on small NMA pT1N0M0 cases with a 5-year follow-up.

Association between microenvironment-related genes and prognosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma.

Background: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare lymphoid malignancy. Systemic profiling of the PCNSL tumor microenvironment (TME) was previously conducted through gene expression analysis. We investigated the prognostic impact of TME on survival to establish novel prognostic biomarkers in PCNSL patients.

Spatially resolved gene expression profiling of tumor microenvironment reveals key steps of lung adenocarcinoma development.

The interaction of tumor cells and their microenvironment is thought to be a key factor in tumor development. We present spatial RNA profiles obtained from 30 lung adenocarcinoma patients at the non-invasive and later invasive stages. We use spatial transcriptome sequencing data in conjunction with in situ RNA profiling to conduct higher resolution analyses.

Nationwide Survey of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Japan.

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) presents some clinical overlap with Kawasaki disease (KD). Although KD is common in Japan, the clinical characteristics of MIS-C in Japan remain unknown. Therefore, we aimed to determine the epidemiological and clinical features of MIS-C in Japan.

Differentiating Separate Primary Lung Adenocarcinomas From Intrapulmonary Metastases With Emphasis on Pathological and Molecular Considerations: Recommendations From the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Pathology Committee.

Introduction: With the implementation of low-dose computed tomography screening, multiple pulmonary tumor nodules are diagnosed with increasing frequency and the selection of surgical treatments versus systemic therapies has become challenging on a daily basis in clinical practice. In the presence of multiple carcinomas, especially adenocarcinomas, pathologically determined to be of pulmonary origin, the distinction between separate primary lung carcinomas (SPLCs) and intrapulmonary metastases (IPMs) is important for staging, management, and prognostication.

Methods: We systemically reviewed various means that aid in the differentiation between SPLCs and IPMs explored by histopathologic evaluation and molecular profiling, the latter includes DNA microsatellite analysis, array comparative genomic hybridization, TP53 and oncogenic driver mutation testing and, more recently, with promising effectiveness, next-generation sequencing comprising small- or large-scale multi-gene panels.

Portal vein stenting blocked the inflow tract and completely resolved bile duct varices, formed by cavernous transformation of the portal vein.

There is no established treatment for bleeding bile duct varices (BDVs). We report the first case of portal vein (PV) stenting completely eradicating bleeding BDVs. A 70-year-old male with malignant lymphoma developed BDVs due to PV obstruction, which had caused compression and stricture of the distal bile duct.

An Audience-friendly Medical Meeting: A Good Presentation and Chairpersonship.

The most important purpose of medical meetings is to share knowledge with the audience. Medical meetings should be audience-friendly. The presenter and chairperson play crucial roles in these meetings.

Guanylate binding protein 5 is an immune-related biomarker of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective prognostic study with bioinformatic analysis.

Background: Cancer utilizes immunosuppressive mechanisms to create a tumor microenvironment favorable for its progression. The purpose of this study is to histologically characterize the immunological properties of the tumor microenvironment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and identify key molecules involved in the immunological microenvironment and patient prognosis.

Methods: First, overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened from OSCC transcriptome data in public databases.

Different prognostic effect of lymph node metastasis between remnant gastric cancers and primary proximal gastric cancers.

Background: Although the dissected lymph node number in remnant gastric cancer (RGC) may be smaller than in primary proximal gastric cancer (PGC), altered lymphatic flow provides different metastatic patterns in lymph nodes, which could potentially give rise to prognostic differences between RGC and PGC with nodal metastasis.

Methods: Between 1993 and 2020, 2546 consecutive patients with gastric cancer underwent gastrectomy. Of these, 53 patients with RGC and 381 patients with PGC with pathologic TNM stage I-III gastric cancer underwent curative gastrectomy.

High expression of eukaryotic elongation factor 1-alpha-2 in lung adenocarcinoma is associated with poor prognosis.

Eukaryotic elongation factor 1 alpha 2 (eEF1A2) encodes an isoform of the alpha subunit of the elongation factor 1 complex and is responsible for the enzymatic delivery of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosome. Our proteomic analysis has identified eEF1A2 as one of the proteins expressed during malignant progression from adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) to early invasive lung adenocarcinoma. The expression level of eEF1A2 in 175 lung adenocarcinomas was examined by immunohistochemical staining in relation to patient prognosis and clinicopathological factors.

Histologic transformation of non-small-cell lung cancer in response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Current knowledge of genetic changes and molecular mechanisms.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death and includes two major types: non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), accounting for 85% and 15% of cases, respectively. Non-small-cell lung cancer harboring actionable driver mutations is generally treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) molecularly targeting individual oncogenes. Although TKIs have greatly contributed to better clinical outcomes, acquired resistance to them inevitably occurs.

Novel therapeutic strategies targeting bypass pathways and mitochondrial dysfunction to combat resistance to RET inhibitors in NSCLC.

RET fusion is an oncogenic driver in 1-2 % of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although RET-positive tumors have been treated with multikinase inhibitors such as vandetanib or RET-selective inhibitors, ultimately resistance to them develops. Here we established vandetanib resistance (VR) clones from LC-2/ad cells harboring CCDC6-RET fusion and explored the molecular mechanism of the resistance.

A Checklist Confirming Whether a Manuscript for Submission Adheres to the Fundamentals of Academic Writing: A Proposal.

A manuscript written not adhering to the fundamentals of academic writing (so-called paper-writing rules) may be rejected before the significance of the study is recognized. Submitting authors, especially those with little experience, may neglect such fundamentals. A simple checklist, which would enable the authors to check whether a manuscript for submission adheres to such fundamentals, should appear at the beginning of the Author Guidelines of medical journal.