Oral condition and background factors in Somali immigrant children newly arrived in Sweden.

The aim of the present study was to obtain baseline information about oral health, oral health behaviours and knowledge about prevention of oral diseases in newly arrived Somali children. All 310 Somali children arriving in four municipalities in Kronoberg County, Sweden, during 2013 participated. We collected interview data (background factors related to oral health) and performed a clinical examination (oral hygiene, marginal bone loss, malocclusion, dental caries) within the first two months after arrival.

Chromatin compaction by condensin I, intra-kinetochore stretch and tension, and anaphase onset, in collective spindle assembly checkpoint interaction.

The control mechanism in mitosis and meiosis by which cells decide to inhibit or allow segregation, the so-called spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), increases the fidelity of chromosome segregation. It acts like a clockwork mechanism which measures time in units of stable attachments of microtubules (MTs) to kinetochores (the order parameter). Stable MT-kinetochore attachments mediate poleward forces and 'unstable' attachments, acting alone or together with motor proteins on kinetochores via chromosomes, antipoleward forces.

Preterm birth does not increase the risk of traumatic dental injuries or unintentional injuries.

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) and unintentional injuries (UIs) in Swedish children from 0 to 12 years of age, comparing those who were born preterm with matched full-term controls. The associations between TDI and UI and medical health problems or socio-demographic characteristics were also studied.

Methods: This cross-sectional, case-control study used dental record reviews and interviews to obtain TDI data on 187 matched pairs aged from 0 to 6 (Sample I) and a structured questionnaire to study TDI and UI among 82 matched pairs aged from 0 to 12 (Sample II).

Body mass index (BMI) and dental caries in 5-year-old children from southern Sweden.

Objectives: The aim of the present survey was to study the association between dental caries and body mass index (BMI) in Swedish preschool children (born in 1999).

Methods: A population-based and cross-sectional study design was used comprising all 920 5-year-old children in a defined area in and around the city of Lund. Anthropometric measures for the calculation of BMI were retrieved for each child from recordings at Child Health Care Centers (CHC).

Molar-incisor hypomineralization and oral hygiene in 10- to-12-yr-old Swedish children born preterm.

Although preterm birth is associated with an increased risk of medical problems and impairments, there is limited knowledge of how this affects oral health. It was hypothesized that when 10-12 yr of age, children who were preterm at birth would present with a higher prevalence of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), more dental plaque, and a higher degree of gingival inflammation than full-term control children. Eighty-two preterm children, born between 24 and 32 wk of gestation, and 82 control children, born between 37 and 43 wk of gestation, were clinically examined for developmental defects in enamel, MIH, dental plaque, and gingival health.

Salivary IgA in minor-gland saliva of children, adolescents, and young adults.

According to previous studies, minor glands produce about 35% of the total salivary immunoglobulin A (salivary IgA). The age-dependent increase in whole-saliva salivary IgA concentrations has been studied extensively, but we found no published reports comparing the minor-gland saliva concentrations of salivary IgA in children, adolescents, and adults. In this study we measured the concentration of salivary IgA in saliva from the labial and the buccal minor glands of children, adolescents, and adults.

Prevalence of dental fluorosis in children taking part in an oral health programme including fluoride tablet supplements from the age of 2 years.

Aim: To investigate the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children who had participated in an oral health programme between the ages 2-5 years, including fluoride tablets from the age of 2 years.

Design: The study group consisted of 135 10- to 11-year-old children who had participated in the programme, including parent education, tooth-brushing instruction and prescribed fluoride tablets (0.25 mg NaF) (2-3 years: 1 tablet/day; 3-5 years: 2 tablets/day).

Dental fear and anxiety and oral health behaviour in 12- to 14-year-olds born preterm.

Background: An enhanced frequency of cognitive and behavioural disturbances has been reported in preterm children. It is not known if this affects their perceptions of or behaviour in the dental care situation.

Hypothesis: The hypotheses were that preterm (PT) children aged 12-14 years more often exhibit dental fear and anxiety (DFA) than full-term controls (C), while no differences were expected regarding oral health behaviour.

Cost-analysis of an oral health outreach program for preschool children in a low socioeconomic multicultural area in Sweden.

The aim was to calculate the total and the net costs per child included in a 3-year caries preventive program for preschool children and to make estimates of expected lowest and highest costs in a sensitivity analysis. The direct costs for prevention and dental care were applied retrospectively to a comprehensive oral health outreach project for preschool children conducted in a low-socioeconomic multi-cultural urban area. The outcome was compared with historical controls from the same area with conventional dental care.

Spindle checkpoint regulated by nonequilibrium collective spindle-chromosome interaction; relationship to single DNA molecule force-extension formula.

The spindle checkpoint, which blocks segregation until all sister chromatid pairs have been stably connected to the two spindle poles, is perhaps the biggest mystery of the cell cycle. The main reason seems to be that the spatial correlations imposed by microtubules between stably attached kinetochores and the nonlinear dependence of the system on the increasing number of such kinetochores have been disregarded in earlier spindle checkpoint studies. From these missing parts a non-equilibrium collective spindle-chromosome interaction is obtained here for budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells.

Parental perspectives on preterm children's oral health behaviour and experience of dental care during preschool and early school years.

Background: Children born preterm (PT) have medical conditions and impairments that may affect their oral health. Hypothesis. Our hypothesis for the study was that PT children display more dental behaviour management problems (BMPs) and less favourable oral health behaviour than controls (C).

Dental behavioural management problems and dental caries prevalence in 3- to 6-year-old Swedish children born preterm.

Background: Today, most children born preterm survive without major impairments. But high frequencies of cognitive and behavioural difficulties arise. Studies on dental behavioural management problems (DBMP) in these children are lacking.

Assessing polyp size by improved digitalized computed tomography (CT).

Background: The size of colorectal polyps is important in the clinical management of these lesions. When using a conventional ruler (the tool of pathologists worldwide), we have previously found unacceptably high intra- and inter-observer variations in assessing the size of phantom polyps. The aim of this study was to assess the size of 12 phantom polyps by computed tomography (CT).

Salivary mutans streptococci in 6-year-old children from a multicultural suburban area after attending an oral health program.

Aim: To investigate the prevalence of salivary mutans streptococci (MS) in children from a low socioeconomic multicultural suburban area and to evaluate if a 3-year comprehensive oral health education (OHE) program, initiated at the age of two years, had an impact on the saliva levels.

Study Design: Prospective clinical trial.

Methods: The material consisted of two cohorts of 6-year-old children from a suburban area in southern Sweden.

Mucins MUC5B and MUC7 in minor salivary gland secretion of children and adults.

Objective: The study was designed to investigate the relative amount of MUC5B and MUC7 in minor salivary glands in children and adults, in order to test the hypothesis that secretion of salivary mucins changes between childhood and adulthood.

Methods: Ninety individuals in the age-groups 3-year-olds, 14-year-olds, and young adults 20-25 year-olds were recruited. Sialopapers were applied on the labial and the buccal mucosa and then placed in the Periotron 8,000 (Proflow ) for calculation of the amount of saliva.

Outcome of an oral health outreach programme for preschool children in a low socioeconomic multicultural area.

Background: Despite a significant reduction in the prevalence of dental caries, childhood tooth decay is still a public health problem in both developed and developing countries.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the caries preventive effect of an oral health programme for preschool children living in a low socioeconomic multicultural area in the city of Malmö, Sweden.

Methods: Eight hundred and four 2-year-old children were enrolled and recalled every third month between ages 2 and 3 and semi-annually between ages 3 and 5 years.

Background factors associated with endodontic treatment due to caries in young permanent teeth.

Objective: The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the association between background factors and future endodontic treatment due to caries in young permanent teeth.

Material And Methods: The material comprised all 19-year-olds born in 1979 in a city in Sweden who had experienced endodontic treatment due to caries in permanent teeth (n=105) and a control group with no endodontic treatment. From dental records, the following independent variables were derived from age 7 to age 19: immigrant background, caries prevalence (DMFT values) at age 10, occurrence of dental anxiety, and missed or cancelled appointments before endodontic treatment.

Complex movements of motor protein relay helices during the power stroke.

We use the Toda soliton formalism to propose a possible complex movement of alpha helices with a very important role in energy transduction during the power stroke of motor proteins. We find that this approach has advantages in comparison with the Davydov soliton model and its variants. We estimated the model's parameters and calculated corresponding properties of the predicted solitary waves including propagation velocities and energies.

Periapical status and technical quality of root-filled teeth in Swedish adolescents and young adults. A retrospective study.

Objective: The aim was to study periapical status and the technical quality of root-filled teeth in Swedish adolescents and young adults in Malmö, Sweden.

Material And Methods: The sample, collected from dental records in the Public Dental Service, consisted of notes and radiographs of all root-filled permanent teeth in all 19-year-olds born in 1979 (mean age at root filling=16.2 years).

Lyotropic ion channel current model compared with ising model.

Trans-membrane currents in ligand-gated ion channels are calculated in a non-equilibrium, chemically open whole cell system. The model is lyotropic in the sense that dynamics and parameters such as ligand concentration for half-maximal response (scale of response), and threshold for firing in neurons, are nonlinear functions of the reactant concentrations. The derived total current fits recorded data significantly better than those derived from mass action, Ising, and other equilibrium type models, in which the derived response can be displaced from the assessed response by several orders in the ligand concentration.

Model of DNA dynamics and replication.

Before DNA replication can be initiated a definite number of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) containing pre-replication protein complexes (pre-RCs) must be assembled and bound to DNA like in a super-critical mass. A chemically driven dynamics of the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) type is derived, using the non-equilibrium equation for binding of pre-RCs to DNA and a probabilistic conformational distribution of these protein complexes. This dynamics, in which the DNA-protein system behaves like a nonlinear elastically braced string (NEBS), can control the cell cycle via conformational transitions such that G(2) cells contain exactly twice as much DNA as G(1) cells.