A Qualitative Study of First HIV Test Experiences Among Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents.

Introduction: This qualitative study examined adolescents' first experiences with HIV testing.

Methods: Data were collected from April 2018 to October 2020 as part of an HIV prevention and sex education intervention; SGM adolescents ( = 175) answered open-ended questions regarding experiences with their first HIV test and advice for other adolescents seeking HIV testing. Data were analyzed through inductive content analysis.

University of North Carolina adolescent and young adult cancer program: reach and characteristics of care.

Cancer care organizations often struggle to adequately address the unique needs of adolescent and young adult cancer patients, resulting in poorer outcomes compared with other age groups. Creation of adolescent and young adult cancer programs serves to bridge this gap and improve quality of care for this population. We aimed to describe the evolution and impact of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Program.

Paternal behavior in captive fat-tailed dwarf lemurs (Cheirogaleus medius) is preserved under socially relevant conditions.

Fat-tailed dwarf lemurs (Cheirogaleus medius), primates endemic to Madagascar, are obligate hibernators that form stable, lifelong pairs in the wild. Given the temporal constraints imposed by seasonal hibernation, infant dwarf lemurs must grow, develop, and wean within the first two months of life. Maternal as well as paternal infant care, observed in the wild, has been deemed critical for infant survival.

Successful Treatment of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection Using a Novel, Drinkable, Oral Formulation of Fecal Microbiota.

Background: Fecal microbiota transplants can be administered orally in encapsulated form or require invasive procedures to administer liquid formulations. There is a need for an oral liquid formulation of fecal microbiota for patients who are unable to swallow capsules, especially if they require multiple, repeated administrations.

Aims: These studies were conducted to develop a protocol to manufacture an organoleptically acceptable powdered fecal microbiota formulation that can be suspended in a liquid carrier and used for fecal microbiota transplantation.

Human movement and transmission dynamics early in Ebola outbreaks.

Human movement drives the transmission and spread of communicable pathogens. It is especially influential for emerging pathogens when population immunity is low and spillover events are rare. We digitized serial printed maps to measure transportation networks (roads and rivers) in Central and West Africa as proxies for population mobility to assess relationships between movement and Ebola transmission.

The Use of Hospital Services by Patients With Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer in the Last Year of Life: Identifying the Areas to Improve Care.

Introduction: Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is associated with significant morbidity. However, patients' specific health needs have not been well defined. This study analyses the utilisation of hospital resources by MIBC patients in the 12 months before death, informing healthcare modelling and enabling service redesign to improve their quality of life.

Development of a Large-Scale Soil DNA Extraction Method for Molecular Quantification of f. sp. in Soil.

The most common soilborne diseases affecting the strawberry industry in California include Verticillium wilt due to , charcoal root rot due to and Fusarium wilt due to f. sp. .

Electrical-biological hybrid system for carbon efficient isobutanol production.

We have developed an electrical-biological hybrid system wherein an engineered microorganism consumes electrocatalytically produced formate from CO to supplement the bioproduction of isobutanol, a valuable fuel chemical. Biological CO sequestration is notoriously slow compared to electrochemical CO reduction, while electrochemical methods struggle to generate carbon-carbon bonds which readily form in biological systems. A hybrid system provides a promising method for combining the benefits of both biology and electrochemistry.

Ebola Virus Tropism in Ex Vivo Cynomolgus Macaque Ocular Tissues.

Ocular complications of Ebola virus disease are well-documented and long-term sequelae in survivors are common and lead to considerable morbidity. However, little is currently known regarding EBOV's tropism and replication kinetics within the eye. To date, limited studies have utilized in vitro infections of ocular cell lines and analyses of archived pathology samples to investigate these issues.

Developing a Comprehensive Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Program: Lessons Learned from 7 Years of Growth and Progress.

Every year, nearly 100,000 adolescents and young adults (15-39 years, AYAs) are diagnosed with cancer in the United States and many have unmet physical, psychosocial, and practical needs during and after cancer treatment. In response to demands for improved cancer care delivery for this population, specialized AYA cancer programs have emerged across the country. However, cancer centers face multilevel barriers to developing and implementing AYA cancer programs and would benefit from more robust guidance on how to approach AYA program development.

Altered behavior, brain structure, and neurometabolites in a rat model of autism-specific maternal autoantibody exposure.

Maternal immune dysregulation is a prenatal risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Importantly, a clinically relevant connection exists between inflammation and metabolic stress that can result in aberrant cytokine signaling and autoimmunity. In this study we examined the potential for maternal autoantibodies (aAbs) to disrupt metabolic signaling and induce neuroanatomical changes in the brains of exposed offspring.

The Adolescent and Young Adult Needs Assessment & Service Bridge (NA-SB): A single-arm feasibility pilot study.

Purpose: In this pilot study, we evaluated the feasibility of implementing the Needs Assessment & Service Bridge (NA-SB)- an intervention to address the pervasive unmet needs of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) during cancer treatment.

Methods: We conducted a mixed methods single-arm feasibility pilot study of NA-SB at the North Carolina Basnight Cancer Hospital. Eligible participants were AYAs ages 18-39 in active cancer treatment.

Karyotype variation, spontaneous genome rearrangements affecting chemical insensitivity, and expression level polymorphisms in the plant pathogen Phytophthora infestans revealed using its first chromosome-scale assembly.

Natural isolates of the potato and tomato pathogen Phytophthora infestans exhibit substantial variation in virulence, chemical sensitivity, ploidy, and other traits. A chromosome-scale assembly was developed to expand genomic resources for this oomyceteous microbe, and used to explore the basis of variation. Using PacBio and Illumina data, a long-range linking library, and an optical map, an assembly was created and coalesced into 15 pseudochromosomes spanning 219 Mb using SNP-based genetic linkage data.

[Approaches to vaccine prevention in multiple sclerosis].

The article presents an overview of modern approaches to vaccine prevention in multiple sclerosis (MS). Compared with the general population, patients with MS have been shown to have an increased risk of morbidity, a tendency to have a more severe course, and a greater mortality from vaccine-preventable infections. At the same time, in Russia, until recently, traditionally adhered to a conservative tactic of limiting vaccination in patients with autoimmune diseases, including MS.

"I don't see myself represented:" Strategies and considerations for engaging gay male Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander teens in research and HIV prevention services.

Significant efforts have been applied to the development of sexual health programs for minority young gay males. Given the absence of research with Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander (NHOPI) gay teen males, this study was done to assess how to reach them. Interviews were conducted with 20 NHOPI gay males ages 19-24 as near peers that can inform reaching teens.

A prospective study of risk factors associated with seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare workers at a large UK teaching hospital.

Objectives: To describe the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in UK healthcare workers (HCWs).

Methods: We conducted a prospective sero-epidemiological study of HCWs at a major UK teaching hospital using a SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay. Risk factors for seropositivity were analysed using multivariate logistic regression.

Effectiveness of the SMART Sex Ed program among 13-18 year old English and Spanish speaking adolescent men who have sex with men.

Adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) have a high HIV incidence and low utilization of testing and prevention services. However, very few HIV prevention programs exist that focus on the unique sexual health needs of AMSM. SMART is a stepped care package of eHealth interventions that comprehensively address the sexual and HIV prevention needs of AMSM.

Boosting corrects a memory B cell defect in SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-vaccinated patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Immunosuppressed patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) generate lower amounts of SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies after mRNA vaccination than healthy controls. We assessed SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 receptor binding domain-specific (S1-RBD-specific) B lymphocytes to identify the underlying cellular defects. Patients with IBD produced fewer anti-S1-RBD antibody-secreting B cells than controls after the first mRNA vaccination and lower amounts of total and neutralizing antibodies after the second.

Differential hydrogen sulfide production by a human cohort in response to animal- and plant-based diet interventions.

Background: Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a toxic end-product of microbial fermentation produced in the colon that may play a role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including ulcerative colitis and colon cancer. However, the effect of diet interventions on intestinal burden of HS gas exposure remains poorly understood.

Objective: Determine the effect of short-term (1-week) plant- and animal-based eating patterns on ex vivo fecal HS production in healthy human volunteers.

Clinical and laboratory profiles of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant compared with pre-Delta variants.

Objectives: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern has led to significant phenotypical changes in transmissibility, virulence, and public health measures. Our study used clinical data to compare characteristics between a Delta variant wave and a pre-Delta variant wave of hospitalized patients.

Methods: This single-center retrospective study defined a wave as an increasing number of COVID-19 hospitalizations, which peaked and later decreased.

Low antispike antibody levels correlate with poor outcomes in COVID-19 breakthrough hospitalizations.

Background: While COVID-19 immunization programs attempted to reach targeted rates, cases rose significantly since the emergence of the delta variant. This retrospective cohort study describes the correlation between antispike antibodies and outcomes of hospitalized, breakthrough cases during the delta variant surge.

Methods: All patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction hospitalized at Mayo Clinic Florida from 19 June 2021 to 11 November 2021 were considered for analysis.