[Morphological evidence of the ischemic nature of the prostatic fibrosis in the classical chronic pelvic pain syndrome / IIIB chronic prostatitis].

Aim: To examine the structure of the prostate tissue in patients with III B chronic prostatitis (CP) and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS).

Materials And Methods: The study analyzed transrectal fine-needle biopsy specimens of 10 patients with the verified diagnosis of chronic pelvic pain syndrome/category III B chronic prostatitis (CPPS/IIIB CP) according to the National Institutes of Health classification. Tissues were examined using light and electron microscopy, and immunohistochemical study of the expression of CD31, CD34, NSE and S-100 markers.

[Connexin 43 expression in human brain glial tumors].

Aim: Тo conduct an immunohistochemical (IHC) study of the expression of connexin 43 in the samples of glial tumors of various grades: gemistocytic astrocytomas (Grade 2), oligodendrogliomas (Grade 2) and glioblastomas (Grade 4).

Material And Methods: The material investigated was fragments of human brain glial tumors (grade 2 gemistocytic astrocytomas (n=2), grade 2 oligodendrogliomas (n=2), and grade 4 glioblastomas (n=14) and those of tumor-surrounding tissue (n=4). The material was fixed in 10% buffered formalin, dehydrated, and embedded in paraffin according to the standard technique.

[Ultrastructural characteristics of gap junctions in human glial brain tumors].

Aim: to conduct an electron microscopic study of intercellular communication in the samples of gemistocytic astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and glioblastoma.

Material And Methods: Surgically resected tumor tissue fragments were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution, afterfixed in 1% OsO4 solution, dehydrated, and embedded in epoxy resin.

[[PECULIARITIES OF THE STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF VENTRAL POSTEROMEDIAL, VENTRAL POSTEROLATERAL, AND RETICULAR NUCLEI OF RAT THALAMUS (AN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY)].

The aim of this work was an immunohistochemical study of the expression of neuronal and glial proteins, and of gap junctions proteins (connexin 36, connexin 43) in ventral posteromedial (VPMN), ventral posterolateral (VPLN) and reticular (RТN) nuclei of the thalamus in rats. It was found that VPMN and VPLN of the thalamus were characterized by a homogeneous distribution of synaptophysin, grouped arrangement of astrocytes, horizontal orientation of somatostatincontaining myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers, forming the bundles, and running through the barreloid septum, expression of connexin 36 and 43 as well as of parvalbumin revealing barreloids in 4 μm-thick sections. In RTN the content of myelin basic protein, neurofilaments, parvalbumin, and somatostatin was increased, while the amount of glial fibrillary acidic protein and connexin 43 was moderate, and synaptophysin and connexin 36 were absent.

[Numerical impairments in genes in breast cancer: a multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification study].

Objective: To analyze breast cancer samples using the new technique multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay. MATERIAL AND METHODS; Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast carcinoma samples from 65 patients were examined. After manual microdissection, DNA was isolated using a commercial kit ("QIAGEN") and analyzed with SALSA MLPA KIT P078-B1 Breast Tumour ("MRC-Holland").

[Specific features of gene amplification on the long arm of chromosome 17 in different molecular genetic subtypes of breast cancer].

The frequency of gene amplification and coamplification of HER2/neu, TOP2A and the centromeric region of chromosome 17 (CEP17) was examined in 265 breast cancer (BC) cases belonging to different molecular genetic subgroups. Luminal B breast cancer was found to be characterized by the increased probability of coamplifications (CEP17 and HER/neu, HER2/neu, and TOP2A) on chromosome 17. At the same time, the amplification of just three loci on one chromosome is a rare event and encountered in 17% of luminal B breast cancer cases (or 1.

[10 years of testing of the HER2 status in breast cancer in Russia].

The paper analyzes 10 years' experience in HER2 status testing in breast cancer in Russia. The ASCO/CAP HER2 testing guidelines adaptable to the work of pathologists in Russia are considered.

[Molecular genetic study of B- and T-lymphocyte clonality in the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas].

The value of molecular genetic methods in the current diagnosis of lymphoproliferative diseases is estimated. A standardized BIOMED2 protocol for these studies is described. The merits and demerits of this method are considered.

[Different Her-2 status in infiltrative and intraductal components of the breast cancer].

In the article a breast cancer case with different Her2 status in invasive and non-invasive components is described. We emphasize on the importance of knowledge about tumor histology for correct interpretation of FISH Her2-test results.

[HER-2/neu-testing in breast cancer: is the immunocytochemistry competent?].

According to ASCO/CAP guidelines, there are two recommended methods for Her2/neu-testing in breast cancer patients such as immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. This paper analyses results of alternative immunocytochemical method for Her2/neu detection and its diagnostic pitfalls.

[The first experience of external quality control of immunohistochemical studies in the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative diseases].

The paper presents the results of estimating the quality of immunohistochemical (IHC) staining in 36 pathologic laboratories of the Russian Federation. The results of IHC stains were assessed in 17 markers (CD3, CD5, CDIO, CD15, CD20, CD23, CD30, Bcl2, Bcl6, Pax5, TdT, Mum1, Cyclin D1, Ki-67, Kappa, Lambda, ALK), which are frequently used in the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative diseases, in the sections of specially formed tissue matrices. The study conducted in most participating laboratories has revealed the considerable IHC staining technology flaws that can critically affect the quality of diagnosis of lymphoproliferative diseases; the diagnostic capacities of some participating laboratories are inconsistent with the solved problems for a number of key antibodies being unavailable.

[Role of chorioamnionitis in the development of sepsis during labor].

The authors emphasize the importance of pyoseptic diseases of the reproductive system, which are a major cause of maternal mortality. Clinical and morphological criteria have been elaborated to diagnose a special form of obstetric sepsis during labor. The inflammatory infiltrate was investigated by immunohistochemical studies using monoclonal antibodies and tumor necrosis factor.

[Clinical and morphological features of labor sepsis as an independent nosological entity].

Examination of 15 autopsies of puerperas who died in the first postpartum days has identified the pathomorphological and immunohistochemical signs differentiating labor sepsis from the other type - postpartum sepsis. Labor sepsis that runs typically of a systemic inflammatory reaction is characterized by initial antenatal inflammation of the fetal membranes and placenta with the latter's immunoimaging of granulocytes, macrophages, plasma cells, and tumor necrosis factor. Moreover, labor sepsis runs in the presence of suppressed cellular and humoral immunity in the spleen and lymph nodes.

[Endothelial function and cellular morphology and functionality inischemic limbs during drug therapy of obliterative atherosclerosis].

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was to develop a rationale for Vasaprostan monotherapy of ischemia in patients with obliterative lesions in lower limb arteries. The assessment of blood cell ultrastructure revealed deformation of erythrocytes and platelets, aggregation of platelets and platelets with red cells, evidencing severe rheological alterations and increased incidence of thrombotic events in patients with critical ischemia. Vasaprostan monotherapy was more effective then combined therapy without prostaglandin E1.

[Morphological characteristics and intracellular electrolytic composition of blood cells at surgeries on lower extremities arteries].

Morphological characteristics and trace and macroelement composition of blood cells flowing out of ischemic lower limb before, during and after reconstructive surgeries under different type of anesthesia. A total of 102 male patients aged 45 to 60 years with atherosclerotic occlusions of the arteries of the femoral-popliteal zone were included into the study. According to anesthesia type all the patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 consisted of 34 patients operated under spinal anesthesia, 37 patients of group 2 underwent surgery under combined anesthesia (spinal anesthesia with intravenous sedation), 31 patients of group 3 - under total intravenous anesthesia with myoplegia and artificial pulmonary ventilation.

[Pathomorphology of adenohypophysis in cases of massive obstetric hemorrhages (morphometric and immunohistochemical studies)].

There have been performed morphometric and immunohistochemical examinations of adenohypophysis of 15 females who died of massive post-partum hemorrhages. The revealed changes in the form of hypertrophy of the basophilic cells are the initial stages of Sheehan's syndrome developing as a result of long-term progression of hypopituitarism. Massive obstetric bleeding causes severe complications-posthemorrhagic shock, the pathogenetic mechanism of which includes necrosis of the cells in the anterior part of the hypophysis.

[Kidney carcinosarcoma].

A kidney tumour in a 36 year old female is described. The tumor was soft, of gray-brown color, size 12 x 11 cm. Histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings have demonstrated the signs of biphasic epithelial and mesenchymal cell differentiation.

[Clinical significance of histological types of prostatic cancer].

Biopsy material obtained from 310 patients with prostatic cancer (PC) was used in the study of the incidence rate of different PC histological types, of tumor cell immunophenotype and differentiation by Glison. The results of the study have shown that definition of the tumor histological type and tumor immunophenotype facilitates identification of tumors with the most malignant potential. Therefore, this definition should be included into the diagnostic complex in the study of PC.

[Current status and trends in the development of medical information systems for morphological research].

The time of cooperative action of the information medical systems is coming. Standardization of clinical laboratory information systems is one of the most difficult but important problems for clinical laboratory community and technicians. Electronic data exchange requires agreement on the data element format by which healthcare institutions can exchange.

[Ratio of neuromediator amino acids in a comparative analysis of the stress protective effects of delta-sleep inducing peptide and piracetam].

The GABAergic system was adequate altered after simultaneous use of delta-sleeping peptide and piracetam in intact animals: gamma-butyric acid was accumulated unidirectionally by inhibiting brain glutamate decarboxylase activity. Administration of the peptide caused a slight decrease in the levels of aspartic acid, while piracetam contributed to a marked accumulation of the amino acid. The antistressor and adaptive effects of each drug were augmented if they were given simultaneously before acute emotional stress developed in the animals during one-hour hypokinesia; these effects were expressed as stabilized balance of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter amino acids.

[The delta sleep-inducing peptide as a modulator of synaptic ultrastructure].

Results of morphometric study of ultrastructure of axosomatic and axospinous synapses of rat sensomotor neocortex after DSIP administration and in hypoxia showed that the peptide administration resulted in multidirectional changes in these type contacts in intact animals. This, apparently, is connected with their different functional specialization. Preliminary DSIP administration prevented changes, appearing in hypoxia in most of the parameters studied both in axosomatic and axospinous synapses.

[Electron-microscopic study of the lymph nodes and brain of children with a clinical diagnosis of HIV-infection].

Ultrastructural changes in lymph nodes and brain of 7 children with AIDS who died in 1991-1993 in the city of Rostov-on-Don and the Rostov Region have been studied. The results obtained indicated only one case with ultrastructural signs characteristic of AIDS: virus particles with relevant morphology, tubular ring-shaped structures in the cytoplasm. The results of the study compared with the statistic data enable the authors to suggest overstated diagnosis of this disease among children in the Rostov Region.