Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in during Growth under Severe Drought.

Drought limits the growth and development of L. (known as common bean). Common bean plants contain various phenylpropanoids, but it is not known whether the levels of these metabolites are altered by drought.

Unveiling the Broad Substrate Specificity of Deoxynivalenol Oxidation Enzyme DepA and Its Role in Detoxifying Trichothecene Mycotoxins.

DepA, a pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-dependent enzyme isolated from mutans 17-2-E-8, exhibits versatility in oxidizing deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivatives. This study explored DepA's substrate specificity and enzyme kinetics, focusing on DON and 15-acetyl-DON. Besides efficiently oxidizing DON, DepA also transforms 15-acetyl-DON into 15-acetyl-3-keto-DON, as identified via LC-MS/MS and NMR analysis.

Identification and Quantification of Anthocyanin and Catechin Compounds in Purple Tea Leaves and Flakes.

Tea is the first most popular beverage worldwide and is available in several selections such as black (fully oxidized), Oolong (partially oxidized) and green (non-oxidized), in addition to purple tea, an emerging variety derived from the same tea plant (). This study investigated purple tea leaves (non-oxidized) and flakes (water extractable) to thoroughly identify their composition of anthocyanins and catechins and to study the effect of a water extraction process on their compositional properties in comparison with green tea. Anthocyanin and catechin compounds were separated and quantified using UPLC, and their identity was confirmed using LC-MS/MS in positive and negative ionization modes.

Kaempferol rhamnoside catabolism in rosette leaves of senescing Arabidopsis and postharvest stored radish.

Flavonol rhamnosides including kaempferitrin (i.e., kaempferol 3-O-α-rhamnoside-7-O-α-rhamnoside) occur throughout the plant kingdom.

The Induction of the Isoflavone Biosynthesis Pathway Is Associated with Resistance to Common Bacterial Blight in L.

infects common bean ( L.) causing the disease common bacterial blight (CBB). The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular and metabolic mechanisms underlying CBB resistance in .

Anti-Inflammatory Effect and Cellular Transport Mechanism of Phenolics from Common Bean ( L.) Milk and Yogurts in Caco-2 Mono- and Caco-2/EA.hy926 Co-Culture Models.

The bioavailability and anti-inflammatory activity of the phenolic compounds derived from gastrointestinal digestates of navy bean and light red kidney bean milks and yogurts were investigated in both Caco-2 mono- and Caco-2/EA.hy926 co-culture cell models. Instead of being transported directly, the ferulic acid ester derivatives in common bean milks and yogurts were found to be metabolized into ferulic acid and then be transported through the Caco-2 cell monolayer with an average basolateral ferulic acid concentration of 56 ± 3 ng/mL after 2 h.

Gut Microbiota, Blood Metabolites, and Spleen Immunity in Broiler Chickens Fed Berry Pomaces and Phenolic-Enriched Extractives.

This study evaluated the performance, gut microbiota, and blood metabolites in broiler chickens fed cranberry and blueberry products for 30 days. A total of 2,800 male day-old broiler Cobb-500 chicks were randomly distributed between 10 diets: control basal diet; basal diet with bacitracin (BACI); four basal diets with 1 and 2% of cranberry (CP1, CP2) and blueberry (BP1, BP2) pomaces; and four basal diets supplemented with ethanolic extracts of cranberry (COH150, COH300) or blueberry (BOH150, BOH300) pomaces. All groups were composed of seven replicates (40 birds per replicate).

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Absorption of Aglycone and Glycosidic Flavonoids in a Caco-2 BBe1 Cell Model.

The mechanisms of cellular absorption and transport underlying the differences between flavonoid aglycones and glycosides and the effect of the structural feature are not well established. In this study, aglycone, mono-, and diglycosides of quercetin and cyanidin were selected to examine the effects of the structural feature on the bioavailability of flavonoids using hexose transporters SGLT1 and GLUT2 in a Caco-2 BBe1 cell model. Cellular uptake and transport of all glycosides were significantly different.

Effect of acid on glycoalkaloids and acrylamide in French fries.

The effects of acid soaking as a pre-treatment on the glycoalkaloid and acrylamide levels in raw and cooked potatoes (French fries) were examined. Soaking raw potato cuts in 1.0%, 2.

Red-Osier Dogwood Extracts Prevent Inflammatory Responses in Caco-2 Cells and a Caco-2 BBe1/EA.hy926 Cell Co-Culture Model.

Red-osier dogwood extracts (RDE) contain high levels of phenolic compounds which have been recognized as natural antioxidants. In this study, the potential of RDE to prevent cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) was evaluated using Caco-2 cells and a co-culture model of Caco-2 BBe1/EA.hy926 cells in Transwell plates.

Anti-inflammatory Effect and Cellular Uptake Mechanism of Peptides from Common Bean ( L.) Milk and Yogurts in Caco-2 Mono- and Caco-2/EA.hy926 Co-culture Models.

Naturally occurring dietary peptides derived from gastrointestinal digestates of common bean milk and yogurt were studied for their bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and anti-inflammatory activity in both Caco-2 mono- and Caco-2/EA.hy926 co-culture cell models. Anti-inflammatory activities of these peptide extracts were found to be strongly associated with cellular uptake by the intestinal epithelial cells.

Fabrication of Patterned Superhydrophobic/Hydrophilic Substrates by Laser Micromachining for Small Volume Deposition and Droplet-Based Fluorescence.

The deposition of nanoliter and subnanoliter volumes is important in chemical and biochemical droplet-based microfluidic systems. There are several techniques that have been established for the deposition/generation of small volumes including the use of surfaces with patterned differences in wettability. Many such methods require complex and time-consuming lithographic techniques.

"Particle-Free" Magnetic Actuation of Droplets on Superhydrophobic Surfaces Using Dissolved Paramagnetic Salts.

Magnetic actuation is a droplet manipulation mechanism in digital microfluidics (DMF), where droplets can be actuated over a (super)hydrophobic surface with a magnetic force. Superparamagnetic particles or ferromagnetic liquids are added to the droplets to provide a "handle" by which the magnet can exert a force on the droplet. In this study, we present a novel method of magnetic manipulation, where droplets instead contain paramagnetic salts with molar magnetic susceptibilities (χ) approximately ≈10 000× < that for superparamagnetic particles.

Gluten enteropathy occurring in chronic hepatitis.

Steatorrhoea and subtotal villus atrophy due to gluten enteropathy was found to occur in a 27 year old female, who had histologically proven chronic active hepatitis six years ago. She had abnormal elevation of immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, and IgA, decreased level of complement C4 and a positive test for HLA-B8. The SGOT was persistently mildly elevated, but her latest liver biopsy (6 years after onset) showed only changes of chronic persistent hepatitis.