Developing a named entity framework for thyroid cancer staging and risk level classification using large language models.

We developed a named entity (NE) framework for information extraction from semi-structured clinical notes retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Thyroid Cancer (TCGA-THCA) database and examined Large Language Models (LLMs) strategies to classify the 8 edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging and American Thyroid Association (ATA) risk category for patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer. The NE framework consisted of annotation guidelines development, ground truth labelling, prompting approaches, and evaluation codes. Four LLMs (Mistral-7B-Instruct, Llama-3.

A Population-Based Study of SGLT2 Inhibitor-Associated Postoperative Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Introduction And Objectives: Operations are a major precipitating factor for sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i)-associated diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). This study aimed to investigate the risks of SGLT2i-associated postoperative DKA.

Methods: We analysed a population-based cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent operations during 2015-2020.

Using Intra-Operative Laryngeal Ultrasonography as a Real-Time Tool in Assessing Vocal Cord Function During Radiofrequency Ablation of the Thyroid Gland.

Background: Inadvertent injury of the recurrent laryngeal nerve can occur during radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of thyroid nodules. Methods to avoid permanent injury have not been described. Laryngeal ultrasonography (LUSG) can assess the function of vocal cords (VCs) in real time.

A prospective study evaluating the use of low-dose intravenous sedation and analgesia during radiofrequency ablation of symptomatic, benign thyroid nodules.

Background: We compared post-treatment pain, quality of recovery and complications between those who did not receive (Group I) and received (Group II) intravenous low-dose Midazolam (<0.05 mg/kg) and Pethidine (<0.5 mg/kg) during radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of benign thyroid nodules.

Safety and Efficacy of Single-Session Radiofrequency Ablation Treatment for Benign Non-toxic Multinodular Goiter.

Background: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an effective treatment for benign thyroid nodules. However, it remains unclear if ablating multiple nodules in single-session offers comparable safety and efficacy to ablating single nodule. Our study compared early complication rate and 6-month nodule shrinkage between multiple-nodules ablation and single-nodule ablation by RFA.

Higher SARS-CoV-2 viral loads correlated with smaller thyroid volumes on ultrasound among male COVID-19 survivors.

Purpose: Thyroid dysfunction, including thyroiditis, is well recognized in COVID-19 patients. We evaluated thyroid ultrasonographic features among COVID-19 survivors, which are less well known.

Methods: Adult COVID-19 survivors without known thyroid disorders who attended dedicated COVID-19 clinic underwent thyroid ultrasonography and assessment of thyroid function and autoimmunity.

Intraoperative trans-laryngeal ultrasound (LUSG) of the vocal cord is a novel method of confirming the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) integrity during thyroid and neck surgery.

Background: Eliciting a normal electromyography signal has been the usual method to confirm the functional integrity of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during intraoperative nerve monitoring. Given that oscillations of the vocal cord can be detected with trans-laryngeal ultrasound when the ipsilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve is stimulated with the endotracheal tube in situ, we aimed to compare the accuracy and cost of this novel method with the conventional electromyography method.

Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent elective thyroid, parathyroid or neck dissection procedures were included.

A prospective study comparing the midline and lateral trans-laryngeal ultrasonography approaches in vocal cord assessment before and after thyroid and neck surgeries.

Introduction: It is unclear if placing an ultrasound probe along each thyroid cartilage lamina (i.e. the lateral approach) can improve vocal cord (VC) visualization over in the midline (i.

A territory-wide assessment of the incidence of persistent hypoparathyroidism after elective thyroid surgery and its impact on new fracture risk over time.

Background: Although persistent (≥6 months) postoperative hypoparathyroidism is often believed to be rare after elective total thyroidectomy, we hypothesized a higher incidence in the community and that patients with persistent postoperative hypoparathyroidism may have a higher fracture risk. A population-based analysis was performed using an electronic health database to address these issues.

Methods: All elective total thyroidectomies performed in 14 major hospitals across the territory over 20 years were analyzed.

The Potential Role of Preoperative Trabecular Bone Score in Predicting Changes in Bone Mineral Density After Parathyroidectomy.

Background: The skeletal indication for parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is based on bone mineral density (BMD) T-score <  - 2.5. Whether trabecular bone score (TBS) additionally identifies patients who benefit from parathyroidectomy in terms of bone health is unknown.

A prospective study evaluating the feasibility and accuracy of very early postoperative translaryngeal ultrasonography in the assessment of vocal cord function after neck surgery.

Background: Early recognition of postoperative vocal cord palsy enhances postoperative care. Translaryngeal ultrasonography can assess vocal cord function accurately and noninvasively, but it is unclear whether it is feasible or accurate when done immediately after extubation in the recovery room owing to possible interference from laryngeal swelling. This study assessed the feasibility and accuracy of translaryngeal ultrasonography in this setting.

Intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) assay might be better than the second-generation assay in parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism.

Background: It is unclear whether the third-generation intraoperative parathyroid hormone assay can improve surgical outcomes over second-generation assay in primary hyperparathyroidism. We aimed to compare the rate of decrease and diagnostic accuracy between the two assays after parathyroid adenoma excision.

Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing parathyroidectomy with intraoperative parathyroid hormone were analyzed.