Composition and Biological Activity of Flavonoid-containing Fractions of an Extract from Gratiola officinalis L.

Introduction: Gratiola officinalis L. (hedge hyssop), a medicinal plant of the Scrophulariaceae family, has diuretic, purgative, and vermifuge properties. It is used as a herbal tea to treat chronic gastroenteritis, renal colic, jaundice, and intestinal worms.

Phylogenetic and pangenomic analyses of members of the family Micrococcaceae related to a plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.).

We report the results of taxonomic studies on members of the family Micrococcaceae that, according to the 16S rRNA, internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), average nucleotide identity (ANI), and average amino acid identity (AAI) tests, are related to Kocuria rosea strain RCAM04488, a plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) isolated from the rhizosphere of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). In these studies, we used whole-genome phylogenetic tests and pangenomic analysis.

Quantitative intra- and intergeneric taxonomic relationships among Micrococcaceae strains reveal contradictions in the historical assignments of the strains and indicate the need for species reclassification.

This article reports the results of quantitative intra- and intergeneric taxonomic relationships among Micrococcaceae strains and a novel endophytic bacterium (SG) isolated from a suspension culture of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh in our laboratory. The known strain Rothia sp.

Chromosomal gene of hybrid multisensor histidine kinase is involved in motility regulation in the rhizobacterium Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245 under mechanical and water stress.

Azospirillum alphaproteobacteria, which live in the rhizosphere of many crops, are used widely as biofertilizers. Two-component signal transduction systems (TCSs) mediate the bacterial perception of signals and the corresponding adjustment of behavior facilitating the adaptation of bacteria to their habitats. In this study, we obtained the A.

Improving the efficacy of potato clonal micropropagation by inoculation with the rhizosphere bacteria Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245 and Ochrobactrum cytisi IPA7.2.

Sustainable development of agriculture depends on the provision of quality seeds to the market. Inoculation with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria in in vitro culture can be used to improve the growth eff icacy and performance of microplants. We examined the effect of in vitro inoculation of microplants of the cultivars Nevsky and Kondor with the strains Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245 and Ochrobactrum cytisi IPA7.

Effect of exopolysaccharides of Paenibacillus polymyxa rhizobacteria on physiological and morphological variables of wheat seedlings.

Paenibacillus polymyxa is a promising plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium that associates with a wide range of host plants, including agronomically important ones. Inoculation of wheat seedlings with P. polymyxa strains CCM 1465 and 92 was found to increase the mitotic index of the root cells 1.

Functioning of plant-bacterial associations under osmotic stress in vitro.

The search for effective plant-growth-promoting strains of rhizospheric bacteria that would ensure the resistance of plant-microbial associations to environmental stressors is essential for the design of environmentally friendly agrobiotechnologies. We investigated the interaction of potato (cv. Nevsky) microplants with the plant-growth-promoting bacteria Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 and Ochrobactrum cytisi IPA7.

Flagellin of polar flagellum from Azospirillum brasilense Sp245: Isolation, structure, and biological activity.

Glycosylated flagellin of the polar flagellum of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 was for the first time isolated and characterized by biochemical and bioinformatics methods. Using the amino acid sequence taken from the NCBI database of bacterial whole-genome DNA sequencing, the secondary and tertiary structures of the protein part of this glycoprotein were determined by template-based molecular modeling. With the use of a set of predictors, regions of its intrinsic structural disorder were identified, and binding sites of carbohydrate fragments to the surface of the molecule were determined.

Effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharides on morphogenetic activity in wheat somatic calluses.

We evaluated the effect of lipopolysaccharides from the plant-growth-promoting associative bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 and from the enteric bacterium Escherichia coli K12 on the morphogenic potential of in vitro-growing somatic calluses of soft spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Saratovskaya 29).

Assessing the efficacy of co-inoculation of wheat seedlings with the associative bacteria Paenibacillus polymyxa 1465 and Azospirillum brasilense Sp245.

Co-inoculation of associative bacteria, which have high nitrogen-fixing activity, tolerance for environmental conditions, and the ability to compete with the natural microflora, is used widely to enhance the growth and yields of agricultural plants. We evaluated the ability of 2 co-inoculated plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria, Paenibacillus polymyxa 1465 and Azospirillum brasilense Sp245, to colonize roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Saratovskaya 29') seedlings, and we assessed the morphometric parameters of wheat early in its development.

[Immunochemical Detection of Azospirilla in Soil with Genus-Specific Antibodies].

Immunoelectrophoresis and immunodiffusion analysis with antibodies to whole intact cells of the type strain of nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 revealed at least three conservative surface immunogenic proteins of azospirilla. Cross-reactions with these proteins made it possible to use the above antibodies for detection of azospirilla as a genus-specific probe conjugated with horseradish peroxidase as an enzymatic label. Direct immune-enzyme analysis of soil suspensions (typical chernozem, Saratov oblast) confirmed applicability of the conjugates based on genus-specific antibodies to the surface proteins of azospirilla for direct detection of this bacterial genus in environmental samples.

Electro-optical study of the exposure of Azospirillum brasilense carbohydrate epitopes.

The exposure of Azospirillum brasilense carbohydrate epitopes was investigated by electro-optical analysis of bacterial cell suspensions. To study changes in the electro-optical (EO) properties of the suspensions, we used antibodies generated to the complete lipopolysaccharide of A. brasilense type strain Sp7 and also antibodies to the smooth and rough O polysaccharides of Sp7.

Analytical and theranostic applications of gold nanoparticles and multifunctional nanocomposites.

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and GNP-based multifunctional nanocomposites are the subject of intensive studies and biomedical applications. This minireview summarizes our recent efforts in analytical and theranostic applications of engineered GNPs and nanocomposites by using plasmonic properties of GNPs and various optical techniques. Specifically, we consider analytical biosensing; visualization and bioimaging of bacterial, mammalian, and plant cells; photodynamic treatment of pathogenic bacteria; and photothermal therapy of xenografted tumors.

Identification of an O-linked repetitive glycan chain of the polar flagellum flagellin of Azospirillum brasilense Sp7.

This is the first report to have identified an O-linked repetitive glycan in bacterial flagellin, a structural protein of the flagellum. Studies by sugar analysis, Smith degradation, (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry showed that the glycan chains of the polar flagellum flagellin of the plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 are represented by a polysaccharide with a molecular mass of 7.7 kDa, which has a branched tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the following structure:

Rhizosphere indole-3-acetic acid as a mediator in the Sorghum bicolor-phenanthrene-Sinorhizobium meliloti interactions.

We studied a model system consisting of Sorghum bicolor, phenanthrene, and an auxin-producing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading Sinorhizobium meliloti strain to clarify whether rhizosphere indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) takes part in the plant-pollutant-bacteria interactions. Phenanthrene and S. meliloti treatments of sorghum contributed to a decrease in the rhizosphere IAA concentration and to phytohormone accumulation, respectively.

Biofilm formation by Paenibacillus polymyxa strains differing in the production and rheological properties of their exopolysaccharides.

We evaluated the ability of several strains of the rhizobacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa, differing in the yield and rheological properties of their exopolysaccharides, to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces. Of these strains, P. polymyxa 1465, giving the highest yield of extracellular polysaccharides and the highest kinematic viscosity of the culture liquid and of aqueous polysaccharide solutions, proved to be the most active in forming biofilms on hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces.

Capsular polysaccharide of the bacterium Azospirillum lipoferum Sp59b: structure and antigenic specificity.

Antigenic differences were revealed between the cell wall outer membrane lipopolysaccharides and the capsular high molecular weight bioglycans for a typical strain of the nitrogen-fixing rhizobacterium Azospirillum lipoferum Sp59b using antibodies prepared against the homologous lipopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide-protein complex. From the capsular lipopolysaccharide-protein and polysaccharide-lipid complexes of A. lipoferum Sp59b, polysaccharides were isolated and their structure was for the first time established in Azospirillum by monosaccharide analysis which included determination of the absolute configurations, methylation, O-deacetylation, and one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy.

Use of ELISA with antiexopolysaccharide antibodies to evaluate wheat-root colonization by the rhizobacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with rabbit polyclonal antibodies developed to isolated exopolysaccharide of Paenibacillus polymyxa 1465 was used to evaluate the colonization of wheat-seedling roots by this bacterium. The assay conditions were optimized for detection of the P. polymyxa exopolysaccharide determinants forming part of the samples used (homogenates of inoculated roots).

[Electrooptical properties of the microbial suspensions during a cell's interaction with the antibodies of a different specificity].

The electrooptical abilities of the microbial suspensions during a cells interaction with antibodies (ABs) of a different specificity have been studied on the example of the Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 cells and their interaction with the polyclonal monospecific and polyspecific antibodies. Measuring of the orientational spectra of the cells has been performed using the ELUS electrooptical analyzer. A discrete frequency set of an orienting electric field (740, 1000, 1450, 2000, and 2800 kHz) was used.

[Composition and immunochemical characteristics of exopolysaccharides from the rhizobacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa 1465].

Exopolysaccharides (EPS) synthesized by Paenibacillus polymyxa 1465 in the course of batch cultivation were proven to contain neutral and acidic fractions. EPS are heterogeneous polysaccharides, represented by a complex of macromolecules with molecular mass of 7 x 10(4) to 2 x 10(6) Da. The acidic component was shown to be predominant in EPS preparations isolated from bacteria cultivated on glucose, which corresponds to a higher viscosity of EPS water solutions.

[The effect of mutations in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides and calcofluor-binding polysaccharides on biofilm formation by Azospirillum brasilense].

The thickness and antigenic properties of biofilms produced by Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 and its mutants deficient in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides (Lps) and calcofluor-binding polysaccharides (CBPS) at the interface between water and hydrophilic or hydrophobic solid surfaces were compared. The mutants deficient in acidic LpsI synthesis produce thicker biofilms on hydrophilic surfaces. Biofilms produced on hydrophobic surfaces by bacteria that are unable to synthesize CBPS are less pronounced.

[Chemical and serological studies of liposaccharides of bacteria of the genus Azospirillum].

The analysis of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of nine strains of azospirilla revealed the presence of the characteristic components of these glycopolymers: carbohydrates, hydroxylated fatty acids, and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO). SDS electrophoresis revealed the heterogeneous nature and the strains differences in the ratio of the molecular S and R forms present in the LPS. Polyclonal rabbit antibodies (Ab) were obtained against the isolated LPS(Cd), LPS(Sp59b), LPS(Sp7), LPS(S17), and LPS(KBC1) preparations.