[The alcoholism as a medical social problem].

The anti alcoholic policy in the Russian Federation has to be developed against a background of the enhancement of quality of statistics of mortality and actual losses due to alcoholisation. Also, the monitoring of epidemic aftermaths of the new framework of alcohol consumption among the youth and the results of target research studies of alcoholism situation in various social groups of Russia has to be considered.

[The reformation of the public health system in Russia in the conditions of globalization].

Actually, the public health system in Russia has a task to develop an effective model of national health care congruent to new global local conditions. The issues of alteration of the role of state and market in the medical services provision sector, the decentralization processes, the increase of possibilities to make use of health services, the overall revision of the role of public health system are to be considered to make possible the assessment of needs in medical services and the proper functioning of corresponding public health services. These requirements are conditioned by the changes in the globalized world and the course of reforms within the country.

[Postoperative epidural bupivacaine infusion in pediatric oncology].

The paper presents the results of use of continuous epidural bupivacaine infusion for postoperative anesthesia in 88 children operated on for malignant tumors. Two groups of patients differing in the procedure of epidural bupivacaine infusion are compared. The use of bupivacaine at a higher concentration (0.

[Combined spinal epidural anesthesia during endoprosthetic surgeries for bone tumors in old-age children].

Thirty-five patients (ASA II-III) aged 12 to 17 years, diagnosed as having osteogenic sarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma localizing in the femur and tibia, were examined. Surgery was performed as sectoral resection of the affected bone along with knee joint endoprosthesis. Surgical intervention was made under combined spinal and epidural anesthesia (CSEA) with sedation, by using the methods for exact dosing of propofol (6-4 mg/kg x h).

[Intraoperative infusion-transfusion therapy in pediatric surgical oncology].

Modern concept of intraoperative blood loss compensation differs crucially from the old rule to compensate the blood loss by donor blood in the same volume, which is explained by serious risks associated with blood transfusions. The parameters of infusion/transfusion therapy with 6% Infucol GEK are presented. The drug was used with good results in adults and children.

[Evaluation of myorelaxant drug action in surgery for pediatric oncopathologies].

Neuro-muscular transmission was studied in 100 children operated on for retroperitoneal and mediastinal tumors using the TOF-Guard accelograph. The device was instrumental in cutting down intubation time, monitoring neuro-muscular transmission system (NMTS), predicting the point of transmission recovery and making extubation possible. NMTS monitoring established such advantages of continuous myorelaxant infusion as lower rate of drug administration and lower total dose; the latter is important to avoid drug cumulation.

Baltic soil survey: total concentrations of major and selected trace elements in arable soils from 10 countries around the Baltic Sea.

Agricultural soils were collected from 10 European countries over a 1,800,000 km2 area surrounding the Baltic Sea. The sampling density was 1 site/2500 km2. Two samples were taken at each site: topsoil 0-25 cm (ploughing layer, Ap-horizon) and subsoil (bottom samples, usually B- or C-horizon) at an approximate depth of 50-75 cm, well below the ploughed layer.

[Evaluation of accelerography in use of muscular relaxants in children with oncological pathology].

The paper presents the results of study of neuromuscular conduction and neuromuscular block by accelerography (TOF) in 100 children operated on for abdominal, retroabdominal, and mediastinal tumors. The currently available myorelaxants Arduan, Tracrium, and Mivacron are studied. There is evidence for the high informative and prognostic values of accelerography, in infusion of drugs in particular, which makes it possible to lower the total dose of muscular relaxants, to avoid decurarization, and to change myoplegia policy in accordance with the intraoperative situation.

[Non-invasive evaluation of the greater and collateral circulation in arterial occlusive diseases of the lower extremities].

A method of dosed compressive loads with a simultaneous registration of linear blood flow rate in the femoral artery was used in 32 healthy people and 30 patients with different localization of atherosclerotic process in major vessels with the help of an ultrasound apparatus of Bi-Doppler class and specific blood filling of lower extremities by the method of tetrapolar rheography. It was shown that most sensitive and objective index for the assessment of major and collateral blood circulation is a decrease or absence of the retrograde blood flow.