Get Over It: Surgical Residents' Responses to Simulated Harassment. A Multi Method Study.

Objective: This study examined the response strategies of Surgery residents as bystanders to harassment in a simulated clinical environment, their alignment with the bystander intervention model, and the motivations behind their actions.

Design: Participants watched an educational video on harassment and ways to address it prior to undergoing a simulated clinical scenario where they witnessed a senior resident harassing a medical student. The study used audio-video recordings of the simulations to capture and analyze residents' verbal and nonverbal responses to harassment.

Long-Term Outcomes After Severe Acute Brain Injury Requiring Mechanical Ventilation: Recovery Trajectories Among Patients and Mental Health Symptoms of Their Surrogate Decision Makers.

Background: Long-term outcomes of patients with severe acute brain injury (SABI) and their surrogate decision makers (SDMs) are insufficiently explored.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, single-center, observational study of patients with SABI who required mechanical ventilation between September and November 2021. Two telephonic interviews were conducted at 6-12 months and 18-24 months post SABI.

Cerebrospinal Creatine Kinase BB Isoenzyme: A Biomarker for Predicting Outcome After Cardiac Arrest.

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid creatine kinase BB isoenzyme (CSF CK-BB) after cardiac arrest (CA) has been shown to have a high positive predictive value for poor neurological outcome, but it has not been evaluated in the setting of targeted temperature management (TTM) and modern CA care. We aimed to evaluate CSF CK-BB as a prognostic biomarker after CA.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with CA admitted between 2010 and 2020 to a three-hospital health system who remained comatose and had CSF CK-BB assayed between 36 and 84 h after CA.

Benchmarking Hospital Practices and Policies on Intrahospital Neurocritical Care Transport: The Safe-Neuro-Transport Study.

An electronic survey was administered to multidisciplinary neurocritical care providers at 365 hospitals in 32 countries to describe intrahospital transport (IHT) practices of neurocritically ill patients at their institutions. The reported IHT practices were stratified by World Bank country income level. Variability between high-income (HIC) and low/middle-income (LMIC) groups, as well as variability between hospitals within countries, were expressed as counts/percentages and intracluster correlation coefficients (ICCs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Experiences of initiating rapid antiretroviral therapy among people newly diagnosed with HIV in East London: a qualitative study.

Objectives: We aimed to explore the experiences of people who initiated rapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) within 7 days of HIV diagnosis, as part of routine care in London.

Methods: Using purposive sampling, 18 in-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted between December 2020 and September 2021 with people who started rapid ART at Barts Health NHS Trust. Participants aged 22-69 years included 15 cisgender men and three cisgender women.

Synaptic activity-dependent changes in the hippocampal palmitoylome.

Dynamic protein S-palmitoylation is critical for neuronal function, development, and synaptic plasticity. Synaptic activity-dependent changes in palmitoylation have been reported for a small number of proteins. Here, we characterized the palmitoylome in the hippocampi of male mice before and after context-dependent fear conditioning.

Factors Associated with Early Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Treatments After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Subanalysis of a Randomized Trial of Prehospital Therapeutic Hypothermia.

Background: The objective of this study is to describe incidence and factors associated with early withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies based on presumed poor neurologic prognosis (WLST-N) and practices around multimodal prognostication after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Methods: We performed a subanalysis of a randomized controlled trial assessing prehospital therapeutic hypothermia in adult patients admitted to nine hospitals in King County with nontraumatic OHCA between 2007 and 2012. Patients who underwent tracheal intubation and were unconscious following return of spontaneous circulation were included.

Changing co-morbidity and increasing deprivation among people living with HIV: UK population-based cross-sectional study.

Background: The great success of HIV treatments means that, increasingly, people living with HIV (PLHIV) are growing old enough to develop age-associated comorbid conditions. We investigated the evolution of comorbid conditions and demographics among PLHIV in England.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study linking Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) primary care, hospitalization, death registry and Index of Multiple Deprivation data, we measured the prevalence of 304 individual health conditions, categorized into 47 condition groups (36 non-communicable, 11 communicable).

Brain-Lung Crosstalk: Management of Concomitant Severe Acute Brain Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Purpose Of Review: To summarize pathophysiology, key conflicts, and therapeutic approaches in managing concomitant severe acute brain injury (SABI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Recent Findings: ARDS is common in SABI and independently associated with worse outcomes in all SABI subtypes. Most landmark ARDS trials excluded patients with SABI, and evidence to guide decisions is limited in this population.

Health conditions in adults with HIV compared with the general population: A population-based cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Life expectancy in adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has increased and managing other health conditions is increasingly important for patients and healthcare planning. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and association between different health conditions and HIV status.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of adult UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink primary care electronic medical records linked to hospital admissions as of Nov 30, 2015.

Jellyfish Collagen: A Biocompatible Collagen Source for 3D Scaffold Fabrication and Enhanced Chondrogenicity.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial disease leading to degeneration of articular cartilage, causing morbidity in approximately 8.5 million of the UK population. As the dense extracellular matrix of articular cartilage is primarily composed of collagen, cartilage repair strategies have exploited the biocompatibility and mechanical strength of bovine and porcine collagen to produce robust scaffolds for procedures such as matrix-induced chondrocyte implantation (MACI).

Phosphorus digestibility and relative phosphorus bioavailability in two dried black soldier fly larvae meals and a defatted black soldier fly larvae meal in broiler chickens.

Two chicken assays were conducted to determine P availability, using three different approaches, for 2 black soldier fly larvae meals (BSFL 1 and 3) and one partially-defatted BSFL. Experiment 1 was conducted to determine ileal P digestibility and total tract P retention. Three experimental diets containing a BSFL as the only source of P were fed to broiler chickens from 19 to 22 days of age.

True metabolizable energy and amino acid digestibility in black soldier fly larvae meals, cricket meal, and mealworms using a precision-fed rooster assay.

Six precision-fed rooster assays were conducted to determine nutrient composition, nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy (TME) and standardized amino acid digestibility for three black soldier fly larvae meals (BSFL), one partially-defatted BSFL, one cricket meal and two mealworm meals. The TME values were determined in three 48-h rooster assays using conventional roosters and the standardized amino acid digestibility values were determined in three 48-h rooster assays using cecectomized roosters. Nutrient analysis (DM basis) of the meals indicated that the CP varied from 45 to 58% among the four BSFL, was 67% for the cricket meal and varied from 51 to 56% for the two mealworms.

Relationship between Pack Year and Lung Function Parameters in Asymptomatic Smokers.

Smoking has extensive effects on respiratory function. The rate of cigarette smoking among young people has continued to increase steadily. Exposure to cigarette smoking is usually measured in terms of 'Pack-Year'.

Regulation of hippocampal excitatory synapses by the Zdhhc5 palmitoyl acyltransferase.

Palmitoylation is the most common post-translational lipid modification in the brain; however, the role of palmitoylation and palmitoylating enzymes in the nervous system remains elusive. One of these enzymes, Zdhhc5, has previously been shown to regulate synapse plasticity. Here, we report that Zdhhc5 is also essential for the formation of excitatory, but not inhibitory, synapses both in vitro and in vivo.

Olfactory gyrus intracerebral hemorrhage in a patient with COVID-19 infection.

Since the outbreak with novel corona virus in December 2019, a myriad of different neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19 infection have been reported. We present a case of non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in the olfactory gyrus in a patient who tested positive for SARS-COV-2. The area of hemorrhage is not a common location for spontaneous hemorrhage.

Radiographic appearance of leptomeningeal disease in patients with EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung carcinoma treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a case series.

EGFR is frequently mutated in non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs). Clinically available tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effective in treating EGFR-mutant NSCLC. In this case series, we present five patients with TKI-treated EGFR-mutated NSCLC who developed leptomeningeal disease (LMD) lacking characteristic imaging findings.

What is equitable resilience?

Resilience has attracted criticism for its failure to address social vulnerability and to engage with issues of equity and power. Here, we ask: what is equitable resilience? Our focus is on what resilience does on the ground in relation to development, adaptation and disaster management, and on identifying critical issues for engaging with equity in resilience practice. Using techniques from systematic reviews, with variants of equitable resilience as our key search terms, we carried out an analytical literature review which reveals four interconnected themes: subjectivities, inclusion, cross-scale interactions, and transformation.

Bringing rights into resilience: revealing complexities of climate risks and social conflict.

Marginalisation and exclusion are expressed in social conflict and are determinative in distributing risk and resilience. This paper builds on recent literature that has adopted a human rights lens to explore how resilience practice can better account for issues of equity and power. Using the illustrative case of Timor-Leste, it presents an analysis of how human rights principles play out in the settings in which rights are given meaning.

Is the association of weight disorders with perceived health status and life satisfaction independent of physical activity in children and adolescents? The CASPIAN-IV Study.

Background: Physical activity (PA) and weight status have been suggested as predictors of life satisfaction (LS) and perceived health status (PHS). Therefore the present study aims to investigate and compare the impacts of body mass index (BMI) and PA on LS and PHS in a population of Iranian children and adolescents.

Material And Methods: This study was conducted in 2011-12 as a nationwide population-based study among 14 880 students of age 6-18 years.

Individual differences in corticolimbic structural profiles linked to insecure attachment and coping styles in motor functional neurological disorders.

Background: Insecure attachment and maladaptive coping are important predisposing vulnerabilities for Functional Neurological Disorders (FND)/Conversion Disorder, yet no prior structural neuroimaging studies have investigated biomarkers associated with these risk factors in FND populations. This magnetic resonance imaging study examined cortical thickness and subcortical volumes associated with self-reported attachment and coping styles in patients with FND. We hypothesized that insecure attachment and maladaptive coping would relate to limbic-paralimbic structural alterations.