Analysis of cariogenic biofilms by using a swept-source optical coherence tomography in vitro.

Objective: The objective was to measure the thickness of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilms forming in an oral biofilm reactor (OBR) by using a noninvasive swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) system at every 4 h time interval until 20 h and analyze the correlations with the amounts of biofilms.

Methods: S.

Optimal Surface Pre-Reacted Glass Filler Ratio in a Dental Varnish Effective for Inhibition of Biofilm-Induced Root Dentin Demineralization.

A unique type of dental varnish (DV) containing surface pre-reacted glass (S-PRG) fillers of different concentrations was evaluated to determine the unpresented optimal ratio for inhibiting root dentin bio-demineralization. S-PRG DVs (10% to 40%)—10%-S, 20%-S, 30%-S, and 40%-S—were applied to bovine root dentin blocks and compared with controls—0%-f (no S-PRG) and 5%-NaF (5%-NaF). The Streptococcus mutans biofilm challenge was executed inside and outside an oral biofilm reactor for 7 days.

Evaluation of the cariogenic potential of a probiotic candidate strain Lactobacillus gasseri YIT 12321.

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the cariogenic potential of Lactobacillus gasseri YIT 12321.

Design: L. gasseri YIT 12321 was isolated from the human oral cavity as a probiotic candidate strain.

Anti-Demineralization Effects of Dental Adhesive-Composites on Enamel-Root Dentin Junction.

Oral biofilm reactor (OBR) and pH cycling (pHC) artificial caries model were employed to evaluate the anti-demineralization effects of four composite filling systems on enamel-root dentin junction. Sixty-four enamel-root dentin blocks (6 mm × 6 mm × 2 mm) each with a cylindrical cavity were randomly assigned to the pHC and OBR group, then four subgroups (n = 8) and filled with either the Beautifil II (BEF, SPRG-filler-containing) or Estelite (EST) composite after the adhesive (either Single Bond Universal (SBU) or FL Bond II (FL, SPRG-filler-containing)). The demineralization lesions of filling interface were examined by micro-computerized tomography (μCT) and swept-source-optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Tetracycline, an Appropriate Reagent for Measuring Bone-Formation Activity in the Murine Model of the -Induced Bone Loss.

Tetracycline is used as a fluorescent reagent to measure bone formation activity in bone histomorphometric analyses. However, there is a possibility to lead a different conclusion when it is used in a bacteria-infected murine model since the tetracycline is considered to work as an antibiotic reagent. There are non-antibiotic fluorescent reagents such as alizarin and calcein for measuring bone formation activity.

Effect of advanced periodontal self-care in patients with early-stage periodontal diseases on endothelial function: An open-label, randomized controlled trial.

Although a significant association between periodontal disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has been reported, their cause-to-effect relationship remains controversial. This randomized controlled clinical trial aimed to investigate the effect of advanced self-care on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease-related vascular function markers flow-mediated brachial artery dilatation (FMD) and serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) level in patients with early-stage periodontal disease. The study was designed as a parallel group, 3-month follow-up, open-label, randomized controlled trial.

Characteristics of biofilm-induced degradation at resin-dentin interfaces using multiple combinations of adhesives and resins.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate morphological, mechanical and chemical characteristics at resin-dentin interfaces using multiple combinations of adhesives and resins after a short-term biofilm-induced degradation.

Methods: Cervical cavities were prepared in bovine incisors, treated by Clearfil SE Bond 2 (SE) or FL-Bond II (FL), restored by Clearfil Majesty ES Flow (ES) or Beautifil Flow Plus (BFP) and grouped into SE-ES, SE-BFP, FL-ES and FL-BFP. After biofilm challenge, interfacial gaps and dentin wall lesions were examined by optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Effects of silver diamine fluoride preparations on biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans.

Effects of silver diamine fluoride preparations (SDFs) on cariogenic biofilm formation on root dentin (RD) were investigated. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilms were formed on bovine RD blocks coated with one of three the SDFs (38%-SDF, 3.

Effects of mechanical abrasion challenge on sound and demineralized dentin surfaces treated with SDF.

This study evaluated the effect of mechanical abrasion on the surface integrity, color change (ΔE) and antibacterial properties of demineralized and sound dentin surfaces treated with silver-diammine-fluoride (SDF). The dentin specimens were divided into two groups: sound and demineralized dentin, then divided into three sub-groups, control (no-treatment), SDF, and SDF + potassium-iodide (KI). Each sub-group was further divided into two groups, one exposed to mechanical brushing and the other without brushing.

Effects of a surface prereacted glass-ionomer filler coating material on biofilm formation and inhibition of dentin demineralization.

Objectives: This study investigated the ability of a surface prereacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) coating material to inhibit the biofilm formation and demineralization of dentin.

Methods And Materials: Dentin specimens were randomly divided into three groups: (1) no coating (control), (2) S-PRG filler-containing coat, and (3) a nonS-PRG filler-containing coat. Streptococcus mutans biofilms were grown on the dentin surfaces in a microcosm for 20 h.

Effect of silver-containing agents on the ultra-structural morphology of dentinal collagen.

Objective: This study investigated the effect of silver diammine fluoride (SDF), nano-silver (AgNPs) and nano-silver/potassium fluoride (AgNPs/KF) on the morphology of dentin collagen and color staining on the dentin. Also, we investigated the anti-caries properties in terms of anti-bacterial effects and potentiality of dentin remineralization at collagen level.

Methods: Dentin specimens obtained from bovine tooth roots were finished with #2000 SiC and sonicated for 5min.

Inhibitory effect of zinc-containing desensitizer on bacterial biofilm formation and root dentin demineralization.

This study compared the effect of a novel zinc containing, Caredyne Shield (CS), and a fluoroaluminocalciumsilicate-based, Nanoseal (NS) desensitizers on dentin tubule occlusion, inhibition of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilm growth, and resistance to bacterial demineralization. Desensitizers were applied to simulated hypersensitive bovine dentin, with distilled water used as a control.

Effects of UVB and UVC irradiation on cariogenic bacteria in vitro.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal effect of ultraviolet (UV) light at 265-nm (UVC) and 310-nm (UVB) wavelengths from a newly developed UV light-emitting diode (LED) device against cariogenic bacteria in vitro. Suspensions of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Streptococcus sobrinus were directly irradiated by UVB or UVC for 2.

Assessment of root caries under wet and dry conditions using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

The purpose of this study was to compare optical properties of root caries under two observing conditions using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). In vitro and natural root caries were observed by SS-OCT under wet and dry conditions, followed by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and transverse microradiography (TMR). Signal intensity (SI), distance between SI peaks (SI-distance) and optical lesion depth were obtained from OCT.

Generation of a Gene-disrupted Streptococcus mutans Strain Without Gene Cloning.

Typical methods for the elucidation of the function of a particular gene involve comparative phenotypic analyses of the wild-type strain and a strain in which the gene of interest has been disrupted. A gene-disruption DNA construct containing a suitable antibiotic resistance marker gene is useful for the generation of gene-disrupted strains in bacteria. However, conventional construction methods, which require gene cloning steps, involve complex and time-consuming protocols.

Evaluation of resin infiltration on demineralized root surface: An in vitro study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of resin infiltration on root caries induced by Streptococcus mutans biofilms. Human premolar specimens were divided to 5 groups: negative control (NC), Clearfil SE Bond (SEB), Icon-etch120s+Icon-infiltrant (HA120), Icon-etch10s+Icon-infiltrant (HA10) and K-etchant10s+Icon-infiltrant (PA10). The resin penetration was observed by fluorescent microscope.

Optical analysis of enamel and dentin caries in relation to mineral density using swept-source optical coherence tomography.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the signal intensity and signal attenuation of swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) for dental caries in relation to the variation of mineral density. SS-OCT observation was performed on the enamel and dentin artificial demineralization and on natural caries. The artificial caries model on enamel and dentin surfaces was created using biofilms incubated in an oral biofilm reactor.

Assessment of bacterial demineralization around composite restorations using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Objective: To observe the bacterial demineralization of the enamel and dentin around composite restorations bonded with one-step and two-step self-etch adhesive systems using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Methods: Forty class V cavities (2.5-mm surface diameter, 2.

Monitoring of cariogenic demineralization at the enamel-composite interface using swept-source optical coherence tomography.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate enamel demineralization at composite restoration margins caused by cariogenic biofilm using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Methods: Sixty round-shaped cavities were prepared on the mid-buccal enamel surface of extracted human molars. The cavities were restored with Estelite Flow Quick flowable composite using either Clearfil SE Bond or Clearfil Tri-S Bond ND bonding agents.

Assessment of cervical demineralization induced by Streptococcus mutans using swept-source optical coherence tomography.

Exposed root surfaces due to gingival recession are subject to biofilm stagnation that can result in caries formation. Cervical enamel and dentin demineralization induced by a cariogenic biofilm was evaluated using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). The cementoenamel junction (CEJ) sections of extracted human teeth were subjected to demineralization for 1, 2, or 3 weeks.

Effect of silver ion coating of fixed orthodontic retainers on the growth of oral pathogenic bacteria.

Titanium and stainless steel wires used for retainers in orthodontic procedures were coated with Ag ions and the effects of the coating on common oral pathogens and their pathogenicity were investigated. Two species of cariogenic and three species of periodontopathic bacteria were assessed. Biofilms of Streptococcus sobrinus and two VSC gases produced by P.

Potentials of mouthwashes in disinfecting cariogenic bacteria and biofilms leading to inhibition of caries.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of certain commercially available mouthwashes on cariogenic bacteria and biofilms, following the acquisition of inhibition potentials of caries.

Materials And Methods: Mouthwashes containing I) chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG; 0.0005% w/v), II) benzethonium chloride (BTC; 0.

Intraoral pH measurement of carious lesions with qPCR of cariogenic bacteria to differentiate caries activity.

Objectives: A low pH environment is created by cariogenic bacteria. This study was aimed to measure pH of carious lesions intraorally using a micro-pH sensor, and assess predominant acid-producing cariogens by qPCR to differentiate caries activities.

Methods: 103 dentine lesions classified as active or arrested caries based on the clinical and radiological examinations were collected from patients after intraoral measurement of the lesion surface pH using a micro-pH sensor.

Effects of electrodeposited poly(ethylene glycol) on biofilm adherence to titanium.

Protein-resistant coatings have been studied for inhibiting biofilm formation on implant devices. In this study, titanium (Ti) surfaces were biofunctionalized with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) by electrodeposition and were evaluated as biofilm substrates under an oral simulated environment. Streptococcus gordonii, an early colonizer of oral biofilms, was inoculated on Ti and PEG-electrodeposited Ti (PEG-Ti) surfaces and was analyzed quantitatively and topographically.