Esterified Lignin Nanoparticles for Targeted Chemical Delivery in Plant Protection.

There is a growing demand for biobased functional materials that can ensure targeted pesticide delivery and minimize active ingredient loss in the agricultural sector. In this work, we demonstrated the use of esterified lignin nanoparticles (ELNPs) as carriers and controlled-release agents of hydrophobic compounds. Curcumin was selected as a hydrophobic model compound and was incorporated during ELNP fabrication with entrapment efficiencies exceeding 95%.

Anisotropic foams derived from textile-based cellulose nanocrystals and xanthan gum.

The upcycling of discarded garments can help to mitigate the environmental impact of the textile industry. Here, we fabricated hybrid anisotropic foams having cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), which were isolated from discarded cotton textiles and had varied surface chemistries as structural components, in combination with xanthan gum (XG) as a physical crosslinker of the dispersion used for foam preparation. All CNCs had crystallinity indices above 85 %, zeta potential values below -40 mV at 1 mM NaCl, and true densities ranging from 1.

The interaction between metabolic rate, habitat choice, and resource use in a polymorphic freshwater species.

Resource polymorphism is common across taxa and can result in alternate ecotypes with specific morphologies, feeding modes, and behaviors that increase performance in a specific habitat. This can result in high intraspecific variation in the expression of specific traits and the extent to which these traits are correlated within a single population. Although metabolic rate influences resource acquisition and the overall pace of life of individuals it is not clear how metabolic rate interacts with the larger suite of traits to ultimately determine individual fitness.

Linking behavioural type with cannibalism in Eurasian perch.

The propensity to kill and consume conspecifics (cannibalism) varies greatly between and within species, but the underlying mechanisms behind this variation remain poorly understood. A rich literature has documented that consistent behavioural variation is ubiquitous across the animal kingdom. Such inter-individual behavioural differences, sometimes referred to as personality traits, may have far-reaching ecological consequences.

Intraspecific differences in metabolic rates shape carbon stable isotope trophic discrimination factors of muscle tissue in the common teleost Eurasian perch ().

Stable isotopes represent a unique approach to provide insights into the ecology of organisms. δC and δN have specifically been used to obtain information on the trophic ecology and food-web interactions. Trophic discrimination factors (TDF, ΔC and ΔN) describe the isotopic fractionation occurring from diet to consumer tissue, and these factors are critical for obtaining precise estimates within any application of δC and δN values.

Chasing away accurate results: exhaustive chase protocols underestimate maximum metabolic rate estimates in European perch Perca fluviatilis.

Metabolic rates are one of many measures that are used to explain species' response to environmental change. Static respirometry is used to calculate the standard metabolic rate (SMR) of fish, and when combined with exhaustive chase protocols it can be used to measure maximum metabolic rate (MMR) and aerobic scope (AS) as well. While these methods have been tested in comparison to swim tunnels and chambers with circular currents, they have not been tested in comparison with a no-chase control.

Electronic structure and chemical bonding of amorphous chromium carbide thin films.

The microstructure, electronic structure and chemical bonding of chromium carbide thin films with different carbon contents have been investigated with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy and soft x-ray absorption-emission spectroscopies. Most of the films can be described as amorphous nanocomposites with non-crystalline CrC(x) in an amorphous carbon matrix. At high carbon contents, graphene-like structures are formed in the amorphous carbon matrix.

Discussing sexuality with patients: nurses' attitudes and beliefs.

Aim: This paper is a report of a study of Registered Nurses' attitudes and beliefs towards discussing sexuality with patients.

Background: The World Health Organization regards sexuality as an essential and integrated part of being human. Studies show that diseases and treatments can affect sexuality and that a positive and respectful attitude towards sexuality is important to achieving sexual health.