[Use of frozen osteochondral allograft for the treatment of cartilage defects of the knee. Results at seven-year follow-up].

Introduction: Knee osteochondral lesions represent a frequent pathology within young active patients. One possible indication for severe lesions or in case of impossibility of harvesting an autograft is the use of fresh frozen allograft. The objective of this study was to retrospectively analyze functional results and failure rate after osteochondral transplants using fresh frozen allografts.

Clinical, imaging, arthroscopic, and histologic features of bilateral anteromedial meniscofemoral ligament: A case report.

Background: The anteromedial meniscofemoral ligament (AMMFL) is a very rare entity, commonly unrecognized and underreported. Although it was not proved to be a cause of anterior knee pain, concerns have been raised on the relationship between the presence of this structure and medial meniscus injury secondary to its abnormal motion. Regarding histologic examination, some studies have shown meniscus-like fibrocartilage, while others have identified it as ligament-like collagenous fibrous connective tissue.

Failure rate, return-to-sports and magnetic resonance imaging after meniscal repair: 119 patients with 7 years mean follow up.

Background: One of the most important factors to consider in relation to meniscal repair is the high failure rate reported in the existing literature.

Aim: To evaluate failure rates, return to sports (RTS) rate, clinical outcomes and magnetic resonance image (MRI) evaluation after meniscus suture repair for longitudinal tears at a minimum 2-year-follow-up.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of meniscal repairs between January 2004 and December 2018.

Substantial Variability in Platelet-Rich Plasma Composition Is Based on Patient Age and Baseline Platelet Count.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and baseline blood count on the final composition of platelet rich-plasma (PRP) and to evaluate the variability of PRP applied in the same patient at 2 different times.

Methods: Potential subjects treated with PRP between January 2019 and December 2021 were identified in an institutional registry. Patient demographics and baseline blood count were prospectively recorded in a consecutive series of patients treated with PRP for a musculoskeletal condition in our Institution.

Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Return to sports at a minimum 5-year follow-up.

Background: Between 43% and 75% of patients who undergo primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery return to sport activity. However, after a revision ACL reconstruction (ACLR) the rate of return to sports is variable. A few publications have reported returns to sports incidence between 56% to 100% after revision ACLR.

Overview of the anterolateral complex of the knee.

In the last few years, much more information on the anterolateral complex of the knee has become available. It has now been demonstrated how it works in conjunction with the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) controlling anterolateral rotatory laxity. Biomechanical studies have shown that the anterolateral complex (ALC) has a role as a secondary stabilizer to the ACL in opposing anterior tibial translation and internal tibial rotation.

Has platelet-rich plasma any role in partial tears of the anterior cruciate ligament? Prospective comparative study.

Background: Partial tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are frequent, and there is still considerable controversy surrounding their diagnosis, natural history and treatment.

Aim: To examine patient-reported outcomes, physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of partial ACL tears treated with an intraarticular injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) compared to a control group.

Methods: From January 2015 to November 2017, consecutive patients from a single institution with partial ACL tears treated nonoperatively were prospectively evaluated.

Good Short-Term Clinical Outcomes and Low Rates of Return to Sports after Repeat Revision ACL Reconstruction.

Repeat revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) is a rare, demanding procedure and, as such, has not been well studied. Most of the available literature shows improved functional outcomes compared with preoperative state but inferior results when compared with primary ACL-R, particularly regarding return to preinjury level of sports. The purpose of this study was to assess functional outcomes in patients who had undergone repeat revision ACL-R.

Mucormycosis osteomyelitis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: treatment and outcomes of 21 reported cases.

Aims: Our purpose was to describe an unusual series of 21 patients with fungal osteomyelitis after an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R).

Methods: We present a case-series of consecutive patients treated at our institution due to a severe fungal osteomyelitis after an arthroscopic ACL-R from November 2005 to March 2015. Patients were referred to our institution from different areas of our country.

Internal Fixation of Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee Leads to Good Long-Term Outcomes and High Degree of Healing without Differences between Fixation Devices.

The aim of the present study is to describe results at long-term follow-up of internal fixation of unstable Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD) achieved with three different fixation devices in skeletally mature knees. A retrospective cohort study was performed at 5 to 19 years follow-up. Patient-reported questionnaires were collected at the final follow-up.

Good mid-term outcomes and low rates of residual rotatory laxity, complications and failures after revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL) and lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET).

Background: Residual rotational instability remains a controversial factor when analysing failure rates of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Anatomical and biomechanical studies have demonstrated a very important role of anterolateral structures for rotational control. Revision ACL is considered one of the main indications for a lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET).

Knee-related quality of life, functional results and osteoarthritis at a minimum of 20 years' follow-up after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Background: Few studies in the literature show results with more than 20 years of follow-up after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The main purpose of this retrospective study was to describe knee-specific quality of life, functional results and prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee in patients with ACLR using bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) autograft with ultra-long-term follow-up.

Methods: Prospective analyzed data included demographics, meniscus status, radiographic OA, KT-1000 arthrometer measurements and physical examinations.

Infected Baker's Cyst: A New Classification, Diagnosis and Treatment Recommendations.

Introduction: Baker's cyst has a high prevalence in adult population. Despite being usually asymptomatic, cyst complications may develop, such as an infection, rupture and content dissemination into the calf. This clinical presentation has a low incidence with few reports in the literature.

Steep Posterior Tibial Slope, Anterior Tibial Subluxation, Deep Posterior Lateral Femoral Condyle, and Meniscal Deficiency Are Common Findings in Multiple Anterior Cruciate Ligament Failures: An MRI Case-Control Study.

Background: Tibiofemoral anatomic parameters, such as tibial slope, femoral condyle shape, and anterior tibial subluxation, have been suggested to increase the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction failure. However, such features have never been assessed among patients experiencing multiple failures of ACL reconstruction.

Purpose: To compare the knee anatomic features of patients experiencing a single failure of ACL reconstruction with those experiencing multiple failures or with intact ACL reconstruction.

Multiple Recurrent Cyst Formation after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction - A Case Report.

Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a "daily" surgery. Nevertheless, pretibial cyst formation is a very rare complication and may appear years after the reconstruction. Even more infrequent is the recurrence of this complication.

Patellofemoral arthritis treated with resurfacing implant: Clinical outcome and complications at a minimum two-year follow-up.

Background: This study evaluated the clinical and radiographic outcomes of a series of patients treated with an anatomic inlay resurfacing implant, with a minimum two-year follow-up.

Methods: Fifteen patients underwent patellofemoral-resurfacing procedures using a HemiCAP Wave Patellofemoral Inlay Resurfacing implant from 2010 to 2013. Clinical outcomes included: Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Lysholm score, Knee Society Score (KSS), and evaluation of Kujala, and Hospital for Special Surgery Patellofemoral score (HSS-PF).

Spontaneous healing in complete ACL ruptures: a clinical and MRI study.

Background: Most authors believe the ACL does not spontaneously heal after a complete rupture. Although several studies have reported spontaneous healing of torn ACLs, it is difficult to determine its healing potential and whether patients will be able to return to sports activities.

Questions/purposes: We therefore asked whether (1) a complete ACL rupture in patients can spontaneously heal without the use of a specific rehabilitation program or bracing and (2) patients are able to return to their athletic activity after spontaneous ACL healing.

Can wedge osteotomy correct depression of the lateral tibial plateau mimicking posterolateral rotatory knee instability?

Background: The literature suggests rotatory knee instability (pseudolaxity) can be associated with depressions of the lateral tibial plateau in patients despite an intact arcuate ligament complex. Correcting this bone deformity by an open-wedge osteotomy of the lateral tibia plateau, elevating the depressed bone may restore knee stability.

Questions/purposes: We therefore asked whether: (1) knee stability is restored after this procedure; (2) Lysholm functional scores improve after this treatment; and (3) the limb alignment changes.

Simultaneous rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament and a knee tumor.

We report two patients with simultaneous lesions about the knee; a traumatic injury (acute anterior cruciate ligament rupture) and a musculoskeletal tumour; that may be particularly misleading for the treating surgeon.

Anatomic double-bundle posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using double-double tunnel with tibial anterior and posterior fresh-frozen allograft.

Techniques for the reconstruction of knee ligaments must restore the injured knee to a satisfactory level of performance. For this, a precise anatomic reconstruction is necessary. Many arthroscopic techniques for reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) have been reported to restore the normal anatomy of the intact PCL using a double-bundle reconstruction with a Y-shaped tendon graft (2 femoral tunnel and 1 tibial tunnel).

Medial meniscal tears and spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee.

We report on a series of 5 patients over 60 years of age who had a symptomatic medial meniscus degenerative tear followed-up with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence without arthroscopic surgery who developed spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee. The average patients age was 68 years. Clinically, all 5 patients had tenderness at the medial joint line.

Popliteal artery laceration during arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

We report a case of acute laceration of the popliteal artery during an arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. This injury can occur during the creation of the posteromedial portal, the manipulation of the tissues in the posterior part of the capsule of the knee joint, or when drilling the tibial hole. We recommend that a qualified vascular surgeon should be immediately available at the time of the surgery.

Simultaneous acute rupture of the patellar tendon and the anterior cruciate ligament.

We present 3 cases of simultaneous rupture of the patellar tendon and the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and discuss the diagnosis and treatment of this infrequent association. Between 1997 and 2000, 3 patients with a mean age of 37 years were treated with an ACL reconstruction and repair of the patellar tendon. The average follow-up was 3 years.

Arthroscopic fixation of osteochondritis dissecans of the knee: clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, and arthroscopic follow-up.

Background: Optimal treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the knee is still controversial.

Purpose: To review a group of patients with osteochondritis dissecans of the knee who were treated with arthroscopic compressive screw fixation and who were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging studies and a second-look arthroscopic procedure at follow-up.

Study Design: Case series; level of evidence, 4.