Fungal Disease Response Centre: Pioneering Diagnostic Approach for Regions With Dispersed Hospital Centres.

Background: Access to fungal disease diagnosis is crucial for reducing mortality, yet it varies widely across Argentina, especially outside Buenos Aires. In regions like Santa Fe and Paraná, where most healthcare facilities are under 150 beds, maintaining specialised mycology labs is challenging.

Objectives: This work describes the establishment and first-year results of a centralised Fungal Disease Response Centre (FDRC) and referral network serving this region, covering approximately 1 million inhabitants.

From High Protection to Lethal Effect: Diverse Outcomes of Immunization Against Invasive Candidiasis with Different Extracellular Vesicles.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from can elicit immune responses, positioning them as promising acellular vaccine candidates. We characterized EVs from an avirulent cell wall mutant (Δ) and evaluated their protective potential against invasive candidiasis. EVs from the yeast (YEVs) and hyphal (HEVs) forms of the SC5314 wild-type strain were also tested, yielding high survival rates with SC5314 YEV (91%) and YEV immunization (64%).

Antifungal susceptibility testing following the CLSI M27 document, along with the measurement of MFC/MIC ratio, could be the optimal approach to detect amphotericin B resistance in () . Susceptibility patterns of contemporary isolates of this species.

Antifungal susceptibility testing (AST) is crucial in clinical settings to guide appropriate therapy. Nevertheless, discrepancies between treatment response and some results still persist, particularly in detecting resistance to amphotericin B (AMB) in () . This study aimed to assess the susceptibility patterns of 48 recent isolates of to 9 antifungal agents and explore the feasibility of using a CLSI reference-based method to identify AMB resistance.

Biochemical characterization of GAF domain of free-R-methionine sulfoxide reductase from Trypanosoma cruzi.

Trypanosoma cruzi is the causal agent of Chagas Disease and is a unicellular parasite that infects a wide variety of mammalian hosts. The parasite exhibits auxotrophy by L-Met; consequently, it must be acquired from the extracellular environment of the host, either mammalian or invertebrate. Methionine (Met) oxidation produces a racemic mixture (R and S forms) of methionine sulfoxide (MetSO).

Black grain eumycetoma due to . Taxonomical update of previous agents of infections due to spp.

A black-grain eumycetoma due to in a kidney transplant recipient is presented. The isolate was identified by using the newly available NCBI's curated database (rRNA_typestrains/ITS_RefSeq_Fungi) and the NCBI's GenBank + EMBL + DDBI + PDB + RefSeq database. The isolate's antifungal susceptibility was evaluated.

Usefulness of Sōna Aspergillus Galactomannan LFA with digital readout as diagnostic and as screening tool of COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients. Data from a multicenter prospective study performed in Argentina.

Unlabelled: COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) incidence varies depending on the country. Serum galactomannan quantification is a promising diagnostic tool since samples are easy to obtain with low biosafety issues. A multicenter prospective study was performed to evaluate the CAPA incidence in Argentina and to assess the performance of the lateral flow assay with digital readout (Sōna Aspergillus LFA) as a CAPA diagnostic and screening tool.

The natural occurring Y129F polymorphism in Rhizopus oryzae (R. arrhizus) Cyp51Ap accounts for its intrinsic voriconazole resistance.

Unlabelled: Rhizopus oryzae (heterotypic synonym: R. arrhizus) intrinsic voriconazole and fluconazole resistance has been linked to its CYP51A gene. However, the amino acid residues involved in this phenotype have not yet been established.

On the functionality of a methionine sulfoxide reductase B from Trypanosoma cruzi.

Background: Methionine is an amino acid susceptible to be oxidized to give a racemic mixture of R and S forms of methionine sulfoxide (MetSO). This posttranslational modification has been reported to occur in vivo under either normal or stress conditions. The reduction of MetSO to methionine is catalyzed by methionine sulfoxide reductases (MSRs), thiol-dependent enzymes present in almost all organisms.

Activity of Combinations of Zinc Chelators with Amphotericin B and Posaconazole against Six Mucorales Species.

Mucormycosis is an emerging disease with high mortality rates. Few antifungal drugs are active against Mucorales. Considering the low efficacy of monotherapy, combination-therapy strategies have been described.

Molecular Confirmation of the Linkage between the Gene Coding Region and Its Intrinsic Voriconazole and Fluconazole Resistance.

is the most prevalent causative agent of mucormycosis, an increasingly reported opportunistic fungal infection. These Mucorales are intrinsically resistant to - and -active antifungal azole drugs, such as fluconazole (FLC) and voriconazole, respectively. Despite its importance, the molecular mechanisms of its intrinsic azole resistance have not been elucidated yet.

Development of a simple and economical diagnostic test for canine leishmaniasis.

Visceral leishmaniasis is a public health problem worldwide. The early diagnosis in dogs is crucial, since they are an epidemiologically relevant reservoir of the disease. The aim of a field study is to early identify the disease allowing rapid intervention to reduce its effects.

Functional characterisation of the methionine sulfoxide reductase repertoire in Trypanosoma brucei.

To combat the deleterious effects that oxidation of the sulfur atom in methionine to sulfoxide may bring, aerobic cells express repair pathways involving methionine sulfoxide reductases (MSRs) to reverse the above reaction. Here, we show that Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of African trypanosomiasis, expresses two distinct trypanothione-dependent MSRs that can be distinguished from each other based on sequence, sub-cellular localisation and substrate preference. One enzyme found in the parasite's cytosol, shows homology to the MSRA family of repair proteins and preferentially metabolises the S epimer of methionine sulfoxide.

Molecular Confirmation of the Relationship between Candida guilliermondii Fks1p Naturally Occurring Amino Acid Substitutions and Its Intrinsic Reduced Echinocandin Susceptibility.

shows intrinsic reduced echinocandin susceptibility. It harbors two polymorphisms (L633M and T634A) in the Fks1p hot spot 1 region. Our objective was to confirm that the reduced echinocandin susceptibility of is due to those naturally occurring substitutions.

Multiplex PCR designed to differentiate species within the Candida glabrata complex.

Background: No phenotypic methods are available to unequivocally differentiate species within the Candida glabrata complex.

Aims: To develop a new multiplex PCR method to differentiate between the three species of the C. glabrata species complex, as well as using it to study a C.

Aspergillus fumigatus Intrinsic Fluconazole Resistance Is Due to the Naturally Occurring T301I Substitution in Cyp51Ap.

Aspergillus fumigatus intrinsic fluconazole resistance has been demonstrated to be linked to the CYP51A gene, although the precise molecular mechanism has not been elucidated yet. Comparisons between A. fumigatus Cyp51Ap and Candida albicans Erg11p sequences showed differences in amino acid residues already associated with fluconazole resistance in C.

New enzymatic pathways for the reduction of reactive oxygen species in Entamoeba histolytica.

Background: Entamoeba histolytica, an intestinal parasite that is the causative agent of amoebiasis, is exposed to elevated amounts of highly toxic reactive oxygen and nitrogen species during tissue invasion. A flavodiiron protein and a rubrerythrin have been characterized in this human pathogen, although their physiological reductants have not been identified.

Methods: The present work deals with biochemical studies performed to reach a better understanding of the kinetic and structural properties of rubredoxin reductase and two ferredoxins from E.

Functional characterization of methionine sulfoxide reductase A from Trypanosoma spp.

Methionine is an amino acid susceptible to being oxidized to methionine sulfoxide (MetSO). The reduction of MetSO to methionine is catalyzed by methionine sulfoxide reductase (MSR), an enzyme present in almost all organisms. In trypanosomatids, the study of antioxidant systems has been mainly focused on the involvement of trypanothione, a specific redox component in these organisms.