Polyaniline-based bovine serum albumin imprinted electrochemical sensor for ultra-trace-level detection in clinical and food safety applications.

Monitoring bovine serum albumin (BSA) at ultra-low levels is crucial for clinical and food safety applications, as it plays a significant role in identifying various health conditions and potential risks, necessitating fast, trace-level detection of BSA. This study proposes an approach to address these challenges by employing molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) to develop an ultra-trace-level and cost-effective BSA sensing platform. The MIP electrochemical sensor was developed using polyaniline (PANI) combined with the protein crosslinker glutaraldehyde (GA) to optimize BSA surface imprinting in the MIP.

Green synthesized gold nanoparticles and CuO-based nonenzymatic sensor for saliva glucose monitoring.

Glucose, essential for brain and muscle functions, requires careful monitoring in diabetes and other chronic disease management. While blood glucose monitoring provides precise information about these diseases, it remains an invasive method. Saliva glucose monitoring could offer an alternative approach, but the glucose concentration in saliva is very low.

Deep Learning-Based Metasurface Design for Smart Cooling of Spacecraft.

A reconfigurable metasurface constitutes an important block of future adaptive and smart nanophotonic applications, such as adaptive cooling in spacecraft. In this paper, we introduce a new modeling approach for the fast design of tunable and reconfigurable metasurface structures using a convolutional deep learning network. The metasurface structure is modeled as a multilayer image tensor to model material properties as image maps.

High performance nonenzymatic electrochemical sensors thermally grown Cu native oxides (CuNOx) towards sweat glucose monitoring.

Diabetes, which is the seventh leading cause of death globally, necessitates real-time blood glucose monitoring, a process that is often invasive. A promising alternative is sweat glucose monitoring, which typically uses transition metals and their oxide nanomaterials as sensors. Despite their excellent surface-to-volume ratio, these materials have some drawbacks, including poor conductivity, structural collapse, and aggregation.

Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Δ-THC and CBD Sensors for Chronic Pain.

Chronic pain is now included in the designation of chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, which can impair quality of life and are major causes of death and disability worldwide. Pain can be treated using cannabinoids such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) due to their wide range of therapeutic benefits, particularly as sedatives, analgesics, neuroprotective agents, or anti-cancer medicines. While little is known about the pharmacokinetics of these compounds, there is increasing interest in the scientific understanding of the benefits and clinical applications of cannabinoids.

Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Glutamate Sensor Using Copper Oxide Nanomaterials and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes.

Glutamate is an important neurotransmitter due to its critical role in physiological and pathological processes. While enzymatic electrochemical sensors can selectively detect glutamate, enzymes cause instability of the sensors, thus necessitating the development of enzyme-free glutamate sensors. In this paper, we developed an ultrahigh sensitive nonenzymatic electrochemical glutamate sensor by synthesizing copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures and physically mixing them with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) onto a screen-printed carbon electrode.

Electrochemical Sensing of Lead in Drinking Water Using Copper Foil Bonded with Polymer.

Levels of lead (Pb) in tap water that are well below established guidelines are now considered harmful, so the detection of sub-parts-per-billion (ppb) Pb levels is crucial. In this work, we developed a two-step, facile, and inexpensive fabrication approach that involves direct bonding of copper (Cu) and liquid crystal polymer (LCP) followed by polyester resin printing for masking onto Cu/LCP to fabricate Cu thin-film-based Pb sensors. The oxygen plasma-treated surfaces resulted in strongly bonded Cu/LCP with a high peel strength of 500 N/m due to the highly hydrophilic nature of both surfaces.

Materials Perspectives of Integrated Plasmonic Biosensors.

With the growing need for portable, compact, low-cost, and efficient biosensors, plasmonic materials hold the promise to meet this need owing to their label-free sensitivity and deep light-matter interaction that can go beyond the diffraction limit of light. In this review, we shed light on the main physical aspects of plasmonic interactions, highlight mainstream and future plasmonic materials including their merits and shortcomings, describe the backbone substrates for building plasmonic biosensors, and conclude with a brief discussion of the factors affecting plasmonic biosensing mechanisms. To do so, we first observe that 2D materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides play a major role in enhancing the sensitivity of nanoparticle-based plasmonic biosensors.

Electrochemical sensing: A prognostic tool in the fight against COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic has devastated the world, despite all efforts in infection control and treatment/vaccine development. Hospitals are currently overcrowded, with health statuses of patients often being hard to gauge. Therefore, methods for determining infection severity need to be developed so that high-risk patients can be prioritized, resources can be efficiently distributed, and fatalities can be prevented.

Correction: Glutamate sensing in biofluids: recent advances and research challenges of electrochemical sensors.

Correction for 'Glutamate sensing in biofluids: recent advances and research challenges of electrochemical sensors' by Jessica Schultz et al., Analyst, 2020, 145, 321-347. DOI: 10.

Electrochemical Sensing of Cannabinoids in Biofluids: A Noninvasive Tool for Drug Detection.

Cannabinoid sensing in biofluids provides great insight into the effects of medicinal cannabis on the body. The prevalence of cannabis for pain management and illicit drug use necessitates knowledge translation in cannabinoids. In this Review, we provide an overview of the current detection methods of cannabinoids in bodily fluids emphasizing electrochemical sensing.

Glutamate sensing in biofluids: recent advances and research challenges of electrochemical sensors.

Glutamate is a nonessential amino acid and a putative neurotransmitter. When its consumption exceeds its synthesis, it becomes necessary to monitor its levels. Hence, a low-cost, sensitive and real-time monitoring of glutamate to quantify pain and detect neurodegenerative diseases is imperative to improve pharmacotherapy and early diagnosis for health care.

Tailoring MWCNTs and β-Cyclodextrin for Sensitive Detection of Acetaminophen and Estrogen.

Monitoring of trace amount of acetaminophen and estrogen in drinking water is of great importance because of their potential links to gastrointestinal diseases and breast and prostate cancers. The sensitive and accurate detection of acetaminophen and estrogen requires the development of advanced sensing materials that possess appropriate number of analyte-capturing sites and suitable signal conduction path. This can be achieved by implementing appropriate chemical attachment of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and β-cyclodextrin (βCD).

Integration of Heterogeneous Materials for Wearable Sensors.

Wearable sensors are of interest for several application areas, most importantly for their potential to allow for the design of personal continuous health monitoring systems. For wearable sensors, flexibility is required and imperceptibility is desired. Wearable sensors must be robust to strain, motion, and environmental exposure.

Paper-Based, Hand-Drawn Free Chlorine Sensor with Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate).

The concentration of free chlorine used for disinfecting drinking water, recreational water, and food processing water is critical for environmental and human health conditions, and should be controlled within stipulated ranges. This report, for the first time, describes a paper-based electrochemical free chlorine sensor fabricated by hand-drawing. The electrical resistivity of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) chemoresistor increases when it is exposed to free chlorine in water due to oxidation reactions.

Low-temperature solution processing of palladium/palladium oxide films and their pH sensing performance.

Highly sensitive, easy-to-fabricate, and low-cost pH sensors with small dimensions are required to monitor human bodily fluids, drinking water quality and chemical/biological processes. In this study, a low-temperature, solution-based process is developed to prepare palladium/palladium oxide (Pd/PdO) thin films for pH sensing. A precursor solution for Pd is spin coated onto pre-cleaned glass substrates and annealed at low temperature to generate Pd and PdO.

Materials analyses and electrochemical impedance of implantable metal electrodes.

Implantable electrodes with high flexibility, high mechanical fixation and low electrochemical impedance are desirable for neuromuscular activation because they provide safe, effective and stable stimulation. In this paper, we report on detailed materials and electrical analyses of three metal implantable electrodes - gold (Au), platinum (Pt) and titanium (Ti) - using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning acoustic microscopy, drop shape analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. We investigated the cause of changes in electrochemical impedance of long-term immersed Au, Pt and Ti electrodes on liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS).

Formation of gallium arsenide nanostructures in Pyrex glass.

In this paper, we report on a simple, low-cost process to grow GaAs nanostructures of a few nm diameter and ∼50 nm height in Pyrex glass wafers. These nanostructures were grown by sequential plasma activation of GaAs and Pyrex glass surfaces using a low-temperature hybrid plasma bonding technology in air. Raman analyses of the activated surfaces show gallium oxide and arsenic oxide, as well as suppressed non-bridging oxygen with aluminate and boroxol chains in glass.