Harnessing Generalizable Real-World Ophthalmic Big Data: Descriptive Analysis of the Bodhya Eye Consortium Model for Collaborative Research.

Background: Eye care organizations and professionals worldwide are increasingly focusing on bridging the gap between population health and medical practice. Recent advances in genomics and anthropology have revealed that most Indian groups trace their ancestry to a blend of 2 genetically distinct populations: Ancestral North Indians, who share genetic affinities with Central Asians, Middle Easterners, Caucasians, and Europeans; and Ancestral South Indians, genetically distinct from groups outside the Indian subcontinent. Studies conducted among North Indian populations can therefore offer insights that are potentially applicable to these diverse global populations, underscoring significant implications for global health.

Motion's privilege in recognizing facial expressions following treatment for blindness.

In his 1872 monograph, Charles Darwin posited that "… the habit of expressing our feelings by certain movements, though now rendered innate, had been in some manner gradually acquired." Nearly 150 years later, researchers are still teasing apart innate versus experience-dependent contributions to expression recognition. Indeed, studies have shown that face detection is surprisingly resilient to early visual deprivation, pointing to plasticity that extends beyond dogmatic critical periods.

Chemical (Alkali) Burn-Induced Neurotrophic Keratitis Model in New Zealand Rabbit Investigated Using Medical Clinical Readouts and In Vivo Confocal Microscopy (IVCM).

Purpose: Chemical eye injury is an acute emergency that can result in vision loss. Neurotrophic keratitis (NK) is the most common long-term manifestation of chemical injury. NK due to alkali burn affects ocular surface health and is one of its most common causes.

Krupple-like factor 4 (KLF4) methylation signature in host cell in active viral keratitis with epithelial manifestation.

HSV1 presents as epithelial or stromal keratitis or keratouveitis and can lead to sight-threatening complications. KLF4, a critical transcription factor, and regulator of cell growth and differentiation, is essential in corneal epithelium stratification and homeostasis. Here, we want to understand the epigenetic modification specifically the methylation status of KLF4 in epithelium samples of HSV1 keratitis patients.

Three Consecutive Cases of Ocular Polyhexamethylene Biguanide (PHMB) Toxicity Due to Compounding Error.

Acanthamoeba keratitis is treated with long-term biguanide therapy, and the treatment itself can lead to ocular side effects. Knowledge of possible toxic complications can help in the better titration of the treatment regimen. Here, we describe the toxic side effects of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), which occurred in three consecutive patients treated with in-house compounded PHMB.

Prolonged Inflammation and Infectious Changes in the Corneal Epithelium Are Associated with Persistent Epithelial Defect (PED).

Failure of rapid re-epithelialization within 10-14 days after corneal injury, even with standard supportive treatment, is referred to as persistent corneal epithelial (CE) defect (PED). Though an array of genes regulates reepithelization, their mechanisms are poorly understood. We sought to understand the network of genes driving the re-epithelialization in PED.

Twelve-Months Follow-Up Postmarket Study of a Hydrophobic Intraocular Lens Using a Preloaded Automated Injector in an Indian Population.

Purpose: To assess real-world clinical outcomes and safety of the Clareon intraocular lens (IOL) and AutonoMe automated preloaded delivery system in an Indian population.

Patients And Methods: This was a prospective, single-arm, multicenter, 12-month clinical study in patients aged ≥20 years with unilateral or bilateral cataracts. Surgery was performed by phacoemulsification followed by implantation of the Clareon monofocal IOL (CNA0T0).

Incidence of vitreous loss and visual outcome following cataract surgery by surgeons with various levels of experience at a tertiary eye care center in North India.

Purpose: To determine the incidence of vitreous loss and visual outcome after a vitreous loss during cataract surgery performed by surgeons with various levels of experience in adults >40 years of age at a tertiary eye care center in North India.

Methods: The study was conducted at a tertiary eye care center in North India. This was an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study of patients who underwent cataract surgery from August 1, 2011 to July 31, 2014.

Role of AS-OCT in Managing Corneal Disorders.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is analogous to ultrasound biometry in the cross sectional imaging of ocular tissues. Development of current devices with deeper penetration and higher resolution has made it popular tool in clinics for visualization of anterior segment structures. In this review, the authors discussed the application of AS-OCT for diagnosis and management of various corneal and ocular surface disorders.

Incidence and risk factors for post-penetrating keratoplasty glaucoma.

Purpose: To carry out a prospective study to analyze the incidence and various preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative risk factors for the development of PPKG.

Methods: A total of 207 patients were analyzed prospectively, who were operated for penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in a tertiary eye care hospital between the time period of August 1, 2017 and February 28, 2018 and were followed up till the sixth month. Each patient was analyzed at every visit to determine the factors responsible for post-keratoplasty glaucoma.

Post penetrating keratoplasty infectious keratitis: Clinico-microbiological profile and predictors of outcome.

Purpose: To study the clinico-microbiological profile, outcomes and prognostic factors of post penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) infectious keratitis.

Methods: Retrospective review of medical records of 78 patients with post PKP infectious keratitis presenting between January 2014 and December 2018. Demographic, clinical and microbiological profile was documented and predictors of treatment and graft success were evaluated using univariate and subsequent multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Risk of SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission from donor corneal tissue: A review.

Since the outbreak of respiratory coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, there is an ongoing discussion about whether the virus could be transmitted through corneal transplantation from donor to recipient. The purpose of this review was to summarize the current knowledge in the scientific community to provide aid in risk evaluation for potential virus transfer by corneal transplants. Literature was searched in PubMed.

Training Indian ophthalmologists in phacoemulsification surgery: Nine-year results of a unique two-week multicentric training program.

Purpose: To assess the outcome of 2 weeks phacoemulsification training program that is a unique collaboration between premier ophthalmic training institutes of India and Alcon Inc. initiated 10 years ago.

Methods: Cataract surgeons eager to adopt phacoemulsification surgery as the primary treatment modality were enrolled in an intensive 2 weeks training program across seven premier ophthalmic institutes in India.

Acute graft rejection in a COVID-19 patient: Co-incidence or causal association?

A 32-year-old man with a clear and compact graft following a penetrating keratoplasty 6 years back, developed an episode of acute graft rejection, coinciding with the COVID-19 disease. Subsequent to the infection with the novel coronavirus, he developed symptoms of acute graft rejection concurrent with the development of respiratory distress and peak systemic symptoms. This was the phase of cytokine storm as evidenced by the raised inflammatory markers in his blood tests.

Resuming eye bank services during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience and inferences.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to formulate a methodological approach for resuming eye bank services during COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Eye bank operations were temporarily halted in March after the government-mandated "Lockdown" in response to COVID-19 pandemic. Before restarting eye bank operations in May, we studied sources of exposure, performed risk assessment, instituted additional process validations and redefined the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in consultation with the guidelines published by the Eye bank Association of India and All India Ophthalmological Society.

Effect of timolol maleate (0.5%) in the management of myopic regression post laser-assisted keratomileusis: Clinical and topographical outcomes.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of timolol maleate (0.5%) eye drops in the treatment of myopic regression after laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

Methods: The study was conducted at a tertiary care eye hospital in north India between April 2017 & March 2018 as a prospective interventional study.

Generic and vision related quality of life associated with different types of cataract surgeries and different types of intraocular lens implantation.

Objectives: To assess the effects of different types of cataract surgeries and intraocular lenses on generic as well as vision related quality of life of cataract patients, using EQ-5D and IND-VFQ 33 instruments respectively.

Methods: An observational, longitudinal study of patients undergoing cataract surgery was carried out at three ophthalmology centres. Patients were prospectively admitted for surgery for age-related cataract.

Delhi Infectious Keratitis Study: Update on Clinico-Microbiological Profile and Outcomes of Infectious Keratitis.

Purpose: To study the clinico-microbiological profile and outcomes of infectious keratitis (IK) at a tertiary eye care center in North India.

Methods: This is a retrospective, hospital-based, cross-sectional study. One thousand seven hundred and eighty-six corneal microbiological reports were identified from January 2017 to December 2018, out of which 625 patients of IK fulfilled the inclusion criteria.