Initial MRI findings predictive of a pathological complete response to neoadjuvant treatments in HER2-positive breast cancers.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine if initial MRI findings could predict a pathological complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) in HER2-positive breast cancers.

Methods: The study retrospectively included 111 patients (Center 1, training set) and 71 patients (Center 2, validation set) with HER2-positive cancer who underwent NST. Initial clinicopathological data and MRI findings were recorded.

Next-generation sequencing in breast pathology: real impact on routine practice over a decade since its introduction.

The diagnosis, histomolecular classes of breast cancers (luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched, and basal-like), and accurate prediction of prognosis are commonly determined using morphological and phenotypical analyses in clinical practice worldwide. Therapeutic strategies are mostly based on the disease stage and molecular subclasses of breast cancer. Targeted therapies, such as anti-HER2s, poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors or, to a lesser extent, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase inhibitors, have substantially improved breast cancer patient prognosis over the past decades.

Nivolumab plus ipilimumab in metastatic uveal melanoma: a real-life, retrospective cohort of 47 patients.

Although combined PD-1/CTLA-4 inhibition showed limited efficacy in single-arm, phase II trials in metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM), such combination appears frequently used in mUM patients. We here report our experience with nivolumab/ipilimumab in mUM. A retrospective cohort of 47 mUM patients, 24 men and 23 women, received nivolumab/ipilimumab between October 2019 and December 2021, mostly first line (94%).

MBD4 deficiency is predictive of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic uveal melanoma patients.

Background: MBD4 mutations have been reported in uveal melanomas, acute myeloid leukemias, colorectal adenocarcinomas, gliomas, and spiradenocarcinomas and cause a hypermutated phenotype. Although metastatic uveal melanomas (mUM) are usually resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), the first reported MBD4-mutated (MBD4m) patient responded to ICI, suggesting that MBD4 mutation may predict response to ICI.

Methods: Retrospective cohort of mUM patients treated with ICI.

Adverse events of targeted therapies approved for women's cancers.

Breast cancer and gynecologic cancers affect >3 million women worldwide each year. With advances in precision medicine, a growing number of targeted therapies have been approved recently, and new therapeutic classes have emerged, including cell cycle inhibitors for hormone receptor positive breast cancer, antibody drug conjugate for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive and triple negative breast cancer, and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors for ovarian cancer. This article focuses first on the challenges for health care systems to address the specificities of each emerging targeted therapy and new issues raised by oral antitumor treatments, including individualization of prescriptions, drug-drug interaction assessment, pharmaceutical counseling, patient education, and outpatient management.

[Homologous recombination deficiency and PARP inhibitors in therapeutics].

PARP inhibitors are effective in different types of tumors such as ovarian, breast, prostate and pancreatic cancer. Many studies are in progress and may lead to prescription evolution. PARP inhibitors prescription is almost reserved to patients with a constitutional BRCA mutation or a somatic BRCA alteration or a tumor with a deficiency in homologous recombination.

Cabazitaxel activity in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with and without DNA damage repair defects.

Background: Cabazitaxel was shown to improve overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) after abiraterone/enzalutamine and docetaxel failure, though benefit by the presence of DNA damage repair (DDR) defects is unknown. With the advent of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) in partially overlapping indications with cabazitaxel, we aimed to determine cabazitaxel activity in men with mCRPC according to their DDR status.

Methods: This is a retrospective multicenter study that enrolled patients with mCRPC treated with cabazitaxel who had undergone DDR tumour tissue profiling.

Lack of evidence for CDK12 as an ovarian cancer predisposing gene.

CDK12 variants were investigated as a genetic susceptibility to ovarian cancer in a series of 416 unrelated and consecutive patients with ovarian carcinoma and who carry neither germline BRCA1 nor BRCA2 pathogenic variant. The presence of CDK12 variants was searched in germline DNA by massive parallel sequencing on pooled DNAs. The lack of detection of deleterious variants and the observed proportion of missense variants in the series of ovarian carcinoma patients as compared with all human populations strongly suggests that CDK12 is not an ovarian cancer predisposing gene.

Exploitation of Precision Medicine Trials Data: Examples of Long Responders From the SHIVA01 Trial.

Purpose: Precision medicine trials constitute a precious source of molecular data with prospective clinical annotations allowing the exploration of patients' subpopulations according to specific clinical or biological questions. Using the SHIVA01-the first randomized trial comparing molecularly targeted therapy on the basis of tumor molecular profiling versus conventional chemotherapy in metastatic cancer patients who failed standard of care therapy-annotated database, we report cases of patients treated in the trial with targeted therapy who experienced an objective response or prolonged disease stabilization in light of patients' molecular alterations.

Patients And Methods: We selected all patients included in SHIVA01 treated with a molecularly targeted agent (MTA) who experienced an objective response or disease stabilization that lasted longer than 6 months according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.

Postoperative complications after bowel endometriosis surgery by shaving, disc excision, or segmental resection: a three-arm comparative analysis of 364 consecutive cases.

Objective: To assess the postoperative complications related to three surgical procedures used in colorectal endometriosis: rectal shaving, disc excision, and segmental resection.

Design: Retrospective comparative study using data prospectively recorded in the North-West Inter Regional Female Cohort for Patients with Endometriosis (CIRENDO) database.

Setting: University tertiary referral center.

[What biomarkers for the future? The point of view of the residents in oncology after the ESMO 2016 Congress].

Since the advent of the HER2 biomarker allowing access to treatment with trastuzumab, we observe an explosion in research for biomarkers, in which the economic pressure linked to the costs of developing new products must not be overlooked, in order to better select the molecules to be developed and the patients who can benefit from them. Personalized medicine takes a little more space each year in the overall care of our patients and the search for specific indicators, has become unavoidable. Rapid identification of oncogenic changes, their therapeutic targeting and the anticipation of resistance or toxicity mechanisms is a challenge.

Influence of adjuvant chemotherapy on anti-Müllerian hormone in women below 35 years treated for early breast cancer.

The impact of chemotherapy on fertility appears to be of essential importance for the youngest cancer survivors. The aim of this study was to assess plasma anti-Mullërian hormone (AMH) evolution, using an automated sensitive AMH immunoassay in women younger than 35 years old before and after treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer. We selected 54 women aged less than 35 years old, at the time of breast cancer diagnosis, who received chemotherapy between 2008 and 2014, and with plasma samples collected from the diagnosis, to 1 year, 3 years and 5 years post-diagnosis.