Chemotherapy impairs skeletal muscle mitochondrial homeostasis in early breast cancer patients.

Background: Chemotherapy is extensively used to treat breast cancer and is associated with skeletal muscle deconditioning, which is known to reduce patients' quality of life, treatment efficiency, and overall survival. To date, skeletal muscle mitochondrial alterations represent a major aspect explored in breast cancer patients; nevertheless, the cellular mechanisms remain relatively unknown. This study was dedicated to investigating overall skeletal muscle mitochondrial homeostasis in early breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, including mitochondrial quantity, function, and dynamics.

Pudendal Neurolysis by Laparoscopy.

Study Objective: To show how pudendal neurolysis can be managed safely with a laparoscopic approach.

Design: Stepwise demonstration of the technique with narrated video footage.

Setting: The pudendal nerve is formed from spinal roots at levels S2, S3, and S4.