Remote dielectric sensing to detect acute heart failure in patients with dyspnoea: a prospective observational study in the emergency department.

Aims: Remote dielectric sensing (ReDS) enables quick estimation of lung fluid content. To examine if ReDS is superior to other methods in detecting acute heart failure.

Methods And Results: We included consecutive patients with dyspnoea from the emergency departments at Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, and performed ReDS, low-dose chest computed tomography (CT), echocardiogram, lung ultrasound, NT-Pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and a Boston score evaluation (chest X-ray and clinical signs).

Chest computed tomography features of heart failure: A prospective observational study in patients with acute dyspnea.

Background: Pulmonary congestion is a key component of heart failure (HF) that chest computed tomography (CT) can detect. However, no guideline describes which of many anticipated CT signs are most associated with HF in patients with undifferentiated dyspnea.

Methods: In a prospective observational single-center study, we included consecutive patients ≥ 50 years admitted with acute dyspnea to the emergency department.

Incidental discovery of multiple tracheal diverticula.

Tracheal diverticulum is observed in 1%-4% of the population, however, multiple tracheal diverticula are a rare occurrence. In this paper, we present a 75-year-old male, who was referred to a computed tomography-scan of the neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis because of an unintended weight loss, fatigue, and a smoking history of 60 pack-years. A definitive cause for the symptoms was not found, however as an incidental finding, the patient was diagnosed with multiple tracheal diverticula along the back wall of trachea and left main bronchus.

Identification of perforated appendicitis within a right inguinal hernia sac (Amyand's hernia) by emergency abdominal CT scan: A case report.

Amyand's hernia (AH) is a rare condition in which the vermiform appendix is herniated into the inguinal sac regardless of whether the appendix appears normal or is inflamed. Most cases of AH are diagnosed intraoperatively at the time of inguinal hernia repair as its clinical diagnosis is difficult, and the role of computed tomography (CT) and other diagnostic imaging has not been described well in the literature. We report the case of a 79-year-old female who presented to the emergency department with nonspecific symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and constipation.

Chest x-ray findings in tuberculosis patients identified by passive and active case finding: A retrospective study.

Background: Chest x-ray is central in screening and diagnosis of tuberculosis. However, sputum culture remains gold standard for diagnosis.

Aim: To establish the rate of normal chest x-rays in tuberculosis patients found by spot sputum culture screening, and compare them to a group identified through passive case finding.

Clinical Applicability of Lung Ultrasound Methods in the Emergency Department to Detect Pulmonary Congestion on Computed Tomography.

Background:  B-lines on lung ultrasound are seen in decompensated heart failure, but their diagnostic value in consecutive patients in the acute setting is not clear. Chest CT is the superior method to evaluate interstitial lung disease, but no studies have compared lung ultrasound directly to congestion on chest CT.

Purpose:  To examine whether congestion on lung ultrasound equals congestion on a low-dose chest CT as the gold standard.

Ground-Glass Opacity Lung Nodules in the Era of Lung Cancer CT Screening: Radiology, Pathology, and Clinical Management.

The advent of computed tomography screening for lung cancer will increase the incidence of ground-glass opacity (GGO) nodules detected and referred for diagnostic evaluation and management. GGO nodules remain a diagnostic challenge; therefore, a more systematic approach is necessary to ensure correct diagnosis and optimal management. Here we present the latest advances in the radiologic imaging and pathology of GGO nodules, demonstrating that radiologic features are increasingly predictive of the pathology of GGO nodules.

Pulmonary Nodule Detection in CT Images: False Positive Reduction Using Multi-View Convolutional Networks.

We propose a novel Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) system for pulmonary nodules using multi-view convolutional networks (ConvNets), for which discriminative features are automatically learnt from the training data. The network is fed with nodule candidates obtained by combining three candidate detectors specifically designed for solid, subsolid, and large nodules. For each candidate, a set of 2-D patches from differently oriented planes is extracted.

Coronary artery calcification detected in lung cancer screening predicts cardiovascular death.

Objectives: It remains unknown whether non-electrocardiogram-gated coronary artery calcium (CAC) score in lung cancer screening provides incremental prognostic value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of CAC in the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial (DLCST), in addition to conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis including previously published studies regarding CAC in lung cancer screening.

Design: In DLCST, we measured Agatston CAC scores in 1,945 current and former smokers.

Geodesic Atlas-Based Labeling of Anatomical Trees: Application and Evaluation on Airways Extracted From CT.

We present a fast and robust atlas-based algorithm for labeling airway trees, using geodesic distances in a geometric tree-space. Possible branch label configurations for an unlabeled airway tree are evaluated using distances to a training set of labeled airway trees. In tree-space, airway tree topology and geometry change continuously, giving a natural automatic handling of anatomical differences and noise.

[Lung cancer screening with low-dose CT - Danish and international results].

Lung cancer is the cancer type that causes the largest number of deaths in Denmark. With advances in medical imaging and widespread use of computed tomography (CT), it is possible to detect even small abnormalities in lung tissue. This has led to a great interest in lung cancer screening with low-dose CT and launching of randomised screening trials worldwide.

[Lung cancer screening with low dose CT requires careful consideration].

Results from the American National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) show a significant reduction in lung cancer and all-cause mortality in a high risk population screened with annual low-dose CT. Handling of pulmonary nodules, false positive tests, overdiagnosis, psychosocial consequences and cost-efficiency etc. are all aspects that require careful consideration.

Emphysema progression is visually detectable in low-dose CT in continuous but not in former smokers.

Objectives: To evaluate interobserver agreement and time-trend in chest CT assessment of emphysema, airways, and interstitial abnormalities in a lung cancer screening cohort.

Methods: Visual assessment of baseline and fifth-year examination of 1990 participants was performed independently by two observers. Results were standardised by means of an electronic score sheet; kappa and time-trend analyses were performed.

Optimal surface segmentation using flow lines to quantify airway abnormalities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

This paper introduces a graph construction method for multi-dimensional and multi-surface segmentation problems. Such problems can be solved by searching for the optimal separating surfaces given the space of graph columns defined by an initial coarse surface. Conventional straight graph columns are not well suited for surfaces with high curvature, we therefore propose to derive columns from properly generated, non-intersecting flow lines.

[Tracheomalacia as a cause of chronic cough].

Tracheomalacia is a rare condition involving increased flaccidity of the tracheal cartilage, widening of the posterior membranous wall and a reduced airway calibre. This combination can cause a tracheal collapse, expiratory flow obstruction and decreased clearance of secretions. We present a case of a 70-year-old woman with severe coughing symptoms and obvious tracheomalacia diagnosed with a high resolution computed tomography in the expiratory phase.