Transcriptomic analysis of developing sorghum grains to detect genes related to cell wall biosynthesis and remodelling.

Objective: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is the fifth most important grain produced in the world. Interest for cultivating sorghum is increasing all over the world in the context of climate change, due to its low input and water requirements.

Mixed-Linkage Glucan Is the Main Carbohydrate Source and Starch Is an Alternative Source during Brachypodium Grain Germination.

Seeds of the model grass are unusual because they contain very little starch and high levels of mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) accumulated in thick cell walls. It was suggested that MLG might supplement starch as a storage carbohydrate and may be mobilised during germination. In this work, we observed massive degradation of MLG during germination in both endosperm and nucellar epidermis.

Correction: Cherkaoui, M., Lollier, V., Geairon, A., Bouder, A., Larré, C., Rogniaux, H., Jamet, E., Guillon, F. and Francin-Allami, M. Cell Wall Proteome of Wheat Grain Endosperm and Outer Layers at Two Key Stages of Early Development. 2020, , 239.

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...

Cell Wall Proteome of Wheat Grain Endosperm and Outer Layers at Two Key Stages of Early Development.

The cell wall is an important compartment in grain cells that fulfills both structural and functional roles. It has a dynamic structure that is constantly modified during development and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Non-structural cell wall proteins (CWPs) are key players in the remodeling of the cell wall during events that punctuate the plant life.

Functional exploration of Pseudoalteromonas atlantica as a source of hemicellulose-active enzymes: Evidence for a GH8 xylanase with unusual mode of action.

To address the need for efficient enzymes exhibiting novel activities towards cell wall polysaccharides, the bacterium Pseudoalteromonas atlantica was selected based on the presence of potential hemicellulases in its annotated genome. It was grown in the presence or not of hemicelluloses and the culture filtrates were screened towards 42 polysaccharides. P.

Spatial and temporal distribution of cell wall polysaccharides during grain development of Brachypodium distachyon.

Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) is now well considered as being a suitable plant model for studying temperate cereal crops. Its cell walls are phylogenetically intermediate between rice and poaceae, with a greater proximity to these latter. By microscopic and biochemical approaches, this work gives an overview of the temporal and spatial distribution of cell wall polysaccharides in the grain of Brachypodium from the end of the cellularization step to the maturation of grain.

Cell Wall Proteome Investigation of Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) Developing Grain in Endosperm and Outer Layers.

The remodeling of cell wall polysaccharides is controlled by cell wall proteins (CWPs) during the development of wheat grain. This work describes for the first time the cell wall proteomes of the endosperm and outer layers of the wheat developing grain, which have distinct physiological functions and technological uses. Altogether 636 nonredundant predicted CWPs are identified with 337 proteins in the endosperm and 594 proteins in the outer layers, among which 295 proteins are present in both tissues, suggesting both common and tissue specific remodeling activities.

Understanding the Remodelling of Cell Walls during Brachypodium distachyon Grain Development through a Sub-Cellular Quantitative Proteomic Approach.

is a suitable plant model for studying temperate cereal crops, such as wheat, barley or rice, and helpful in the study of the grain cell wall. Indeed, the most abundant hemicelluloses that are in the cell wall of grain are (1-3)(1-4)-β-glucans and arabinoxylans, in a ratio similar to those of cereals such as barley or oat. Conversely, these cell walls contain few pectins and xyloglucans.

Cell wall proteomic of Brachypodium distachyon grains: A focus on cell wall remodeling proteins.

Cell walls play key roles during plant development. Following their deposition into the cell wall, polysaccharides are continually remodeled according to the growth stage and stress environment to accommodate cell growth and differentiation. To date, little is known concerning the enzymes involved in cell wall remodeling, especially in gramineous and particularly in the grain during development.

Multiscale investigation of mealiness in apple: an atypical role for a pectin methylesterase during fruit maturation.

Background: Apple fruit mealiness is one of the most important textural problems that results from an undesirable ripening process during storage. This phenotype is characterized by textural deterioration described as soft, grainy and dry fruit. Despite several studies, little is known about mealiness development and the associated molecular events.

Comparative study of wheat low-molecular-weight glutenin and α-gliadin trafficking in tobacco cells.

KEY MESSAGE : Wheat low-molecular-weight-glutenin and α-gliadin were accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum and formed protein body-like structures in tobacco cells, with the participation of BiP chaperone. Possible interactions between these prolamins were investigated. Wheat prolamins are the major proteins that accumulate in endosperm cells and are largely responsible for the unique biochemical properties of wheat products.

Dynamic trafficking of wheat γ-gliadin and of its structural domains in tobacco cells, studied with fluorescent protein fusions.

Prolamins, the main storage proteins of wheat seeds, are synthesized and retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the endosperm cells, where they accumulate in protein bodies (PBs) and are then exported to the storage vacuole. The mechanisms leading to these events are unresolved. To investigate this unconventional trafficking pathway, wheat γ-gliadin and its isolated repeated N-terminal and cysteine-rich C-terminal domains were fused to fluorescent proteins and expressed in tobacco leaf epidermal cells.

Expression of a new chimeric protein with a highly repeated sequence in tobacco cells.

In wheat, the high-molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits are known to contribute to gluten viscoelasticity, and show some similarities to elastomeric animal proteins as elastin. When combining the sequence of a glutenin with that of elastin is a way to create new chimeric functional proteins, which could be expressed in plants. The sequence of a glutenin subunit was modified by the insertion of several hydrophobic and elastic motifs derived from elastin (elastin-like peptide, ELP) into the hydrophilic repetitive domain of the glutenin subunit to create a triblock protein, the objective being to improve the mechanical (elastomeric) properties of this wheat storage protein.