Chilblains observed during the COVID-19 pandemic cannot be distinguished from classic, cold-related chilblains.

Background: Type 1 interferon (IFN-I) response induced by SARS-CoV-2 has been hypothesized to explain the association between chilblain lesions (CL) and SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Objective: To explore direct cytopathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in CL and to focus on IFN-I expression in patients with chilblains.

Materials & Methods: A monocentric cohort of 43 patients presenting with CL from April 2020 to May 2021 were included.

Development of SARS-CoV2 humoral response including neutralizing antibodies is not sufficient to protect patients against fatal infection.

More than a year after the start of the pandemic, COVID-19 remains a global health emergency. Although the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 has been extensively studied, some points remain controversial. One is the role of antibodies in viral clearance and modulation of disease severity.