Group schema therapy versus group cognitive behavioral therapy for patients with social anxiety disorder and comorbid avoidant personality disorder: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Patients with social anxiety (SAD) and comorbid avoidant personality disorder (AVPD) are severely impaired. Group cognitive behavioral therapy (GCBT) is considered an effective treatment for SAD. More knowledge on treatment of SAD with comorbid AVPD is needed.

Goal-Directed Treatment of Patients With Anxiety and Mood Disorders in a Regular Curative Mental Health Care Setting.

This study examined whether goal-directed treatment leads to improved treatment outcomes for patients with a primary mood or anxiety disorder and whether beneficial outcomes are achieved sooner compared to treatment as usual. In a quasi-experimental controlled study with a nested design, 17 therapists received training in goal-directed treatment and treated 105 patients with anxiety or mood disorders using principles of goal-directed treatment. Treatment results on a generic self-report instrument were compared with two control groups: a historical control group consisting of 16 of the 17 participating therapists, who provided treatment as usual to 97 patients before having received training in goal-directed treatment, and a parallel control group consisting of various therapists, who provided treatment as usual to 105 patients.

Fidelity and Clinical Competence in Providing Illness Management and Recovery: An Explorative Study.

Illness Management and Recovery (IMR) is a psychosocial intervention supporting people with serious mental illnesses. In this study, 15 IMR groups were assessed for fidelity and clinician competency to establish the implementation level of all IMR elements and explore complementarity of the IMR Treatment Integrity Scale (IT-IS) to the standard IMR Fidelity Scale. Use of the IT-IS was adapted, similar to the IMR Fidelity Scale.

Adding EMDR for PTSD at the onset of treatment of borderline personality disorder: A pilot study.

Background And Objectives: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective treatment for individuals suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, EMDR is not typically offered to people with PTSD who also meet the criteria for borderline personality disorder (BPD). This study examines the feasibility and clinical benefits of EMDR for PTSD delivered in addition to the onset of treatment as usual (TAU) for BPD.

Schema therapy for personality disorders in autistic adults: Results of a multiple case series study.

Background: To our knowledge, treatment of personality disorder (PD) comorbidity in autistic adults is understudied and is still in its infancy. We investigated the effectiveness of schema therapy (ST) for autistic adults with PD.

Method: A multiple case series design with 12 adults (aged 19-62 years) was used with baseline, exploration, ST (with cognitive behavioural and experiential techniques) and follow-up conditions.

Three- and five-year follow-up results of a randomized controlled trial on the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy before bariatric surgery.

Objective: Up to 37% of bariatric surgery patients suffer from insufficient weight loss or weight regain and mental health symptoms in the longer term. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) may be an effective adjunct intervention to optimize patients' psychological functioning and weight loss results. To examine the value of adding preoperative CBT to bariatric surgery, three- and five-year follow-up data are presented.

Effects of Illness Management and Recovery: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

There have been inconsistent findings in the literature with respect to the efficacy of Illness Management and Recovery (IMR) in the psychosocial treatment of people with schizophrenia or other severe mental illnesses. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the effectiveness of IMR, including the impact of completion and fidelity. In this randomized controlled trial (RCT), 187 outpatients received either IMR plus care as usual (CAU) or only CAU.

Characteristics and stability of hallucinations and delusions in patients with borderline personality disorder.

Background: Psychotic features have been part of the description of the borderline personality disorder (BPD) ever since the concept "borderline" was introduced. However, there is still much to learn about the presence and characteristics of delusions and about the stability of both hallucinations and delusions in patients with BPD.

Methods: A follow-up study was conducted in 326 BPD outpatients (median time between baseline and follow-up = 3.

Impact of Comorbid Personality Disorders on Depression Treatment in Routine Outpatient Care.

Objective: The impact of personality disorder on treatment effectiveness for depression has been debated, and study results have been inconsistent. However, studies that report a negative impact of personality disorders on depression treatment outcomes are often characterized by uncontrolled treatment designs. Within such contexts, individuals with depression and personality disorders are at risk to receive suboptimal treatment.

Seclusion in an enriched environment versus seclusion as usual: A quasi-experimental study using mixed methods.

Background: For patients, seclusion during psychiatric treatment is often a traumatic experience. To prevent such experiences, adjustments in the design of seclusion rooms have been recommended.

Methods: As there have been no empirical studies on the matter, we used a quasi-experimental design to compare the experiences in seclusion of two groups of patients: 26 who had been secluded in a room designed according to the principles of healing environment, a so called 'Enriched Environment Seclusion room' (EES), and 27 who had been secluded in a regular seclusion (RS) room.

First Psychometric Properties of the Dutch Interview for Diagnostic Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Adult Males Without Intellectual Disability.

For autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in adults there are several diagnostic instruments available with a need for consideration of the psychometric properties. This study aimed to conduct a first psychometric evaluation of a new diagnostic ASD instrument, the NIDA (Dutch Interview for Diagnostic assessment of ASD in adults) in 90 adult males without intellectual disability (age 18-65 years) in the Netherlands: 30 with ASD, 30 with a Personality Disorder and 30 nonpatient controls. The interrater agreement ranged from 0.

Impact of Comorbid Personality Disorders on Depression Treatment in Routine Outpatient Care.

Objective: The impact of personality disorder on treatment effectiveness for depression has been debated, and study results have been inconsistent. However, studies that report a negative impact of personality disorders on depression treatment outcomes are often characterized by uncontrolled treatment designs. Within such contexts, individuals with depression and personality disorders are at risk to receive suboptimal treatment.

Autism Spectrum Disorder Alertness in Dutch Youth and Family Center Physicians: Effects of a Live Online Educational Program.

We investigated the effect of a live online educational program in 93 Dutch Youth and Family Center (YFC) physicians who were screening for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in the general child population. The educational program raised the physicians' level of specific ASD knowledge and it remained higher at six months follow-up (p < .01).

Age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis from 2012 to 2019.

We currently assume that the global mean age at diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder ranges from 38 to 120 months. However, this range is based on studies from 1991 to 2012 and measures have since been introduced to reduce the age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis (statistical analysis that combines the results of multiple scientific studies) for studies published between 2012 and 2019 to evaluate the current age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Usual Care Before Bariatric Surgery: One-Year Follow-Up Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Although early results of bariatric surgery are beneficial for most patients, some patients regain weight later. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been suggested as a way to improve patients' psychological health and maintaining weight loss in the longer term. The added value of preoperative CBT to bariatric surgery was examined.

Temperament in preadolescence is associated with weight and eating pathology in young adulthood.

Objective: Few longitudinal studies have investigated the role of temperament traits on weight and eating problems thus far. We investigated whether temperament in preadolescence influences body weight and the development of eating pathology in adolescence and young adulthood.

Method: This study used data from TRAILS (Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey), a Dutch community cohort study (N = 2,230) from preadolescence into adulthood.

Novel Insights into Autism Knowledge and Stigmatizing Attitudes Toward Mental Illness in Dutch Youth and Family Center Physicians.

Professionals' limited knowledge on mental health and their stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illness can delay the diagnosis of autism. We evaluated the knowledge on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and stigmatizing attitudes in 93 physicians at Dutch Youth and Family Centers (YFC). These physicians screen for psychiatric symptoms in children.

Effectiveness of enhanced cognitive behavior therapy for eating disorders: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Enhanced cognitive behavior therapy (CBT-E) is a transdiagnostic treatment suitable for the full range of eating disorders (EDs). Although the effectiveness of CBT(-E) is clear, it is not being used as widely in clinical practice as guidelines recommend. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of CBT-E with treatment as usual (TAU), which was largely based on CBT principles.

Sensory processing deficiencies in patients with borderline personality disorder who experience auditory verbal hallucinations.

Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are common in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). We examined two candidate mechanisms of AVH in patients with BPD, suggested to underlie sensory processing systems that contribute to psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia; sensory gating (P50 ratio and P50 difference) and change detection (mismatch negativity; MMN). Via electroencephalographic recordings P50 amplitude, P50 ratio, P50 difference and MMN amplitude were compared between 23 borderline patients with and 25 without AVH, and 26 healthy controls.

Determinants of clinical, functional and personal recovery for people with schizophrenia and other severe mental illnesses: A cross-sectional analysis.

Objective: To analyze the relationships between insight, medication adherence, addiction, coping and social support-components of Illness Management and Recovery (IMR)-as determinants of clinical, functional and personal recovery in patients with schizophrenia and other severe mental illnesses. Our rationale lay in the interrelations between these concepts suggested in a conceptual framework of IMR.

Methods: The cross-sectional design used baseline data of outpatient participants in a randomized clinical trial on IMR (N = 187).

Metacognitive therapy versus exposure and response prevention for obsessive-compulsive disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The recommended psychological treatment of choice for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is exposure with response prevention (ERP). However, recovery rates are relatively modest, so better treatments are needed. This superiority study aims to explore the relative efficacy of metacognitive therapy (MCT), a new form of cognitive therapy based on the metacognitive model of OCD.

ClusterBootstrap: An R package for the analysis of hierarchical data using generalized linear models with the cluster bootstrap.

In the analysis of clustered or hierarchical data, a variety of statistical techniques can be applied. Most of these techniques have assumptions that are crucial to the validity of their outcome. Mixed models rely on the correct specification of the random effects structure.

Temperament and character in men with autism spectrum disorder: A reanalysis of scores on the Temperament and Character Inventory by individual case matching.

Background: Interest in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in adulthood is increasing. Although a person may be diagnosed with ASD, the diagnosis reveals little about the individual's temperament, character, and personality. Also, relatively little is known about the personality of adults with ASD.