Facilitated introgression from domestic goat into Alpine ibex at immune loci.

Hybridization can result in the transfer of adaptive genetic material from one species to another, known as adaptive introgression. Bottlenecked (and hence genetically depleted) species are expected to be particularly receptive to adaptive introgression, since introgression can introduce new or previously lost adaptive genetic variation. The Alpine ibex (Capra ibex), which recently recovered from near extinction, is known to hybridize with the domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus), and signals of introgression previously found at the major histocompatibility complex were suggested to potentially be adaptive.

Ancient mitochondrial and modern whole genomes unravel massive genetic diversity loss during near extinction of Alpine ibex.

Population bottlenecks can have dramatic consequences for the health and long-term survival of a species. Understanding of historic population size and standing genetic variation prior to a contraction allows estimating the impact of a bottleneck on the species' genetic diversity. Although historic population sizes can be modelled based on extant genomics, uncertainty is high for the last 10-20 millenia.

Efficacy and safety of intraocular folding sutureless scleral fixating lens versus iris-claw intraocular lens implantation.

Purpose: To compare the refractive outcomes of sutureless scleral-fixated Carlevale® intraocular lenses versus Artisan® iris-claw-fixated lenses in terms of surgically induced astigmatism.

Setting: We included patients from the Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, Paris, from August 2020 to December 2020.

Design: This was a single-center retrospective study.

European common frog () recolonized Switzerland from multiple glacial refugia in northern Italy via trans- and circum-Alpine routes.

The high mountain ranges of Western Europe had a profound effect on the biotic recolonization of Europe from glacial refugia. The Alps present a particularly interesting case because they form an absolute barrier to dispersal for most taxa, obstructing recolonization from multiple refugia in northern Italy. Here, we investigate the effect of the European Alps on the phylogeographic history of the European common frog .

PreserFlo MicroShunt® exposure: a case series.

Background: PreserFlo® MicroShunt (PM) (also known as InnFocus® MicroShunt) is a subconjunctival stent implanted ab externo via a minimally invasive surgical procedure. The current indication is progressive, mild to moderate, open angle glaucoma uncontrolled on topical medications. According to the literature, adverse events are rare, mild and transient.

Assessing the correlation between swept-source optical coherence tomography lens density pattern analysis and best-corrected visual acuity in patients with cataracts.

Objective: To assess linear correlation between swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) lens density variation and patients' best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

Methods And Analysis: Linear densitometry was performed on horizontal lens images from 518 eyes, obtained using SS-OCT. All densities from the anterior to the posterior side of the cataract were exported for detailed analysis.

Follow-Up of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy With Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe capillary changes in patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) using optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A) and correlate the results with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual field, OCT retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and combined thickness of ganglion cell and inner plexiform layers (GCIPL) thicknesses.

Methods: We enrolled 22 eyes with acute NAION and 30 normal control (NC) subjects in this study. Whole en face image vessel density (WiVD) was measured in the radial peripapillary capillary plexus (RPC), superficial capillary plexus (SCP), and deep vascular complex (DVC) using OCT-A.

Assessment of corneal epithelial thickness mapping in epithelial basement membrane dystrophy.

Purpose: To investigate the corneal epithelial thickness topography with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and its relationship with vision quality in epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD).

Methods: 45 eyes of EBMD patients, 26 eyes of dry eye (DED) patients and 22 eyes of normal subjects were enrolled. All participants were subjected to 9-mm corneal epithelial mapping with OCT and vision quality was assessed with the optical quality analysis system using the objective scatter index (OSI).

Comparative Biochemical Outcomes, Effectiveness and Tolerance of Densiron 68 and Oxane HD for the Management of Complicated Retinal Detachment.

Objectives: To compare biochemical outcomes, effectiveness, and tolerance of two high-density silicone oils (HDSOs), silicone oil- RMN3 (Oxane HD) and silicone oil-Densiron-68 (Densiron 68), for the management of complicated retinal detachment (RD) associated with inferior proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective, single-centre, comparative case series of 23 patients treated between September 2014 and June 2016. The main inclusion criteria were RD with inferior PVR receiving Oxane HD or Densiron 68 following pars plana vitrectomy.

The Role of Meibography in the Diagnosis of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Ocular Surface Diseases.

Purpose: To evaluate dysfunction in various ocular surface diseases (OSDs) including primary meibomian gland disease (MGD), perennial allergic conjunctivitis, and primary and secondary Sjögren syndromes.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 146 patients (111 women and 35 men) with symptomatic OSDs was performed. Patients were divided into two groups: the non-MGD group (55 patients) and the MGD group (91 patients).